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Understanding Public Policy and Government Systems

Explore the role of government, public policy types, governing theories, forms of government, power distribution, and the relationship between legislative and executive branches. Examine presidential vs. parliamentary systems and American political culture.

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Understanding Public Policy and Government Systems

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  1. AP GOVERNMENT INTRODUCTION

  2. Journal #12/1/11 • What is the proper role of Government?

  3. Government • Makes and enforces public policies • Consists of lawmakers, administrators and judges

  4. Public Policy • Is a choice that gov’t makes in response to some issue on its agenda

  5. Types of Public Policy • Congressional statute (laws) • Presidential action • Court decision • Regulation

  6. Who Governs? • Four basic theories • 1. Elite theory- • 2. Bureaucratic theory- • 3. Interest group theory- • 4. Pluralist theory

  7. Forms of Government • Monarchy/Dictatorship/Oligarchy • Republic • Theocracy

  8. HOW IS POWER DISTRIBUTED? • Unitary • Federal • Confederation

  9. Figure 3.1: Lines of Power in Three Systems of Government

  10. Figure 3.1: Lines of Power in Three Systems of Government (cont’d)

  11. Figure 3.1: Lines of Power in Three Systems of Government (cont’d)

  12. Relationship between Leg. & Executive • Presidential • Parliamentary

  13. Gov’t by force / By the People • Dictatorship • Democracy • participatory • Representative

  14. Journal # 2, 2/5/10 • Which form of government, presidential or parliamentary is best to respond to the needs of the citizens? Why?

  15. American Political Culture • Political culture – is the distinctive and patterned way of thinking about how political and economic life ought to be carried out. • Political culture should not be confused with Political ideology

  16. Basic views - political • Liberty (Freedoms) • Equality • Democracy • Civic duty • Individual responsibility

  17. Economic assumptions • Liberty – free-enterprise • “equality of opportunity” • Individualism

  18. Cultural Conflict • Areas of disagreement include- abortion, gay rights, drug use, school prayer, and pornography • Two basic views • Orthodox – morality more important than self-expression • Progressive- personal freedom more important than traditional moral rules

  19. Figure 4.1: Trust in the Federal Government, 1958-2001 • Source: University of Michigan, The National Election Studies, (September 1999), table 5A.1, updated by Los Angeles Times, poll taken November 10-13, 2001.

  20. Political Efficacy- The capacity to understand and influence political events

  21. Figure 4.2: Changes in the Sense of Political Efficacy • Source: University of Michigan, The National Election Studies, 1952-2000

  22. Table 4.2: Patriotism in America, France, and Germany

  23. Table 4.3: Commitment to Income Equity in Sweden and the United States

  24. Figure 4.4a: Views of Toleration and Morality • Source: The American Enterprise (January/February 1999): 37, reporting data from Roper, Washington Post, Harvard, and Kaiser Family Foundation polls.

  25. Figure 4.4b: Views of Toleration and Morality (cont’d) • Source: The American Enterprise (January/February 1999): 37, reporting data from Roper, Washington Post, Harvard, and Kaiser Family Foundation polls.

  26. Figure 4.5: Changes in Levels of Political Tolerance, 1930-1999 • Source: Gallup poll data, various years, as compiled by Professor John Zaller, Department of Political Science, UCLA; The Gallup Organization, Poll Releases (March 29, 1999), 2-6.

  27. Table 4.7: Religion in Industrialized Nations, 1990-1993

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