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CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Learn about cellular respiration, the process by which organisms obtain energy from glucose. Discover how this energy is stored and utilized through ATP, the energy currency of cells. Explore the chemical pathways involved in this vital process.

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CELLULAR RESPIRATION

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  1. CELLULAR RESPIRATION Chemical Pathways Chapter 9-1 http://www.clickatutor.com/mitochondria.jpg

  2. http://www.inclusive.co.uk/downloads/images/pics2/tree.gif AUTOTROPHS ___________ use energy from sunlight or chemicals to make their own food In the last chapter green plants used ________________ to trap energy from __________ and make ______________ PHOTOSYNTHESIS sunlight food (glucose) http://206.173.89.42/REALTYWITHALOHA_COM/piphoto/funny%20sun%20with%20sunglasses.gif

  3. In this chapter, we will learn how this glucose is ____________ by organisms and the _______ is stored as _______ in a process called ___________________ broken down energy ATP CELLULAR RESPIRATION What kind of organisms do this?

  4. What kind of organisms do this? plants fungi animals bacteria ________ (Including _______) ______ ______ ______ humans ALL LIVING THINGS NEED ENERGY!

  5. How do we get the sugar from the plants? REMEMBER! _______________ get their energy by eating other organisms. HETEROTROPHS We get the energy the plants stored as glucose by _____________ directly or eating the _________ that ate the plants. eating plants animals  Image from: http://ag.ansc.purdue.edu/sheep/ansc442/Semprojs/2003/spiderlamb/eatsheep.gif http://www.cibike.org/Eating.htm

  6.  Image from: http://ag.ansc.purdue.edu/sheep/ansc442/Semprojs/2003/spiderlamb/eatsheep.gif In this chapter we will learn how ______________ get their energy by consuming other organisms. HETEROTROPHS GLUCOSE We get our energy from the __________ plants made during _______________ when we eat plants or eat animals that ate the plants. PHOTOSYNTHESIS http://www.cibike.org/Eating.htm

  7. REMEMBER CELL BIO

  8. Image from: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/cytoplasm.html Area with gel-like material inside cell membrane surrounding mitochondria = ______________________ Power plant of cell that burns glucose and stores the energy as ATP = _______________ CYTOPLASM mitochondria http://www.clickatutor.com/mitochondria.jpg

  9. DOUBLE MITOCHONDRIA = cell power plant Surrounded by ___________ membrane Outer membrane & Inner membrane (called _______________ ) Space between inner membrane & outer membrane = ____________________ Space inside cristae folds = _________________ CRISTAE INTERMEMBRANE SPACE MATRIX

  10. CELLULAR RESPIRATION Heterotrophs use ________________ to release energy from FOOD (glucose) to make _____ ATP  Image by Riedell Image from: http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpe

  11. slowly many steps CELLULAR RESPIRATION happens __________ in ________________. If all the energy was released in one step… most would be lost as ____________________! light and heat http://plato.acadiau.ca/COURSES/comm/g5/Fire_Animation.gif

  12. PHOTOSYNTHESIS ___________ + _________ + ___________ →_______________ + __________ 6 CO2 6 H2O C6H12O6 6O2 CELLULAR RESPIRATION C6H12O6 6 CO2 _____________ + _________ →________ + __________ + __________ ______________________________________________________________ 6O2 6 H2O The two equations are exact opposites!

  13. http://hesperia.gsfc.nasa.gov/sftheory/images/boilingif UNITS FOR MEASURING HEAT ENERGY Amount of heat it takes to raise 1 gram of water 1◦ Celsius = _______________ Unit for measuring energy in food = _______________ 1 Calorie = _________ calories calorie Calorie 1000 http://www.raytechcatalog.com/images/products/mainstay_food_3600_nutrition.gif

  14. NADP+ Remember from Photosynthesis? High energy electron carrier = ___________ Cellular respiration uses some different carriers to transport high energy electrons. _______ & ________ NAD+ FAD ________ + _________ → ____________ 2 e- + H+ NAD+ ________ + _________ →____________ FAD 2 e- + 2H+

  15. The first step in cellular respiration = __________________ Glycolysis happens in the ________________ outside the mitochondria GLYCOLYSIS See glycolysis movie CYTOPLASM

  16. Glycolysis (GLYKOS = ________ LYSIS= ___________ ) Glycolysis ____________________________ BUT it needs some ____________to get it started. What molecule do you think is going to supply the energy do this? sweet split apart DOES NOT REQUIRE OXYGEN ENERGY ATP

  17. GLYCOLYSIS ________ ↓ ___________ → →_____________ ↓ ____________________ + _______________ GLUCOSE 2 PYRUVIC ACID ATP ATP ATP ATP NADH NADH 4 ATP’s 2 ATP’s PUT IN ________ and GET BACK __________ Net gain of ________ and __________ 2 ATP’s 2 NADH

  18. = ANAEROBIC PYRUVIC ACID MOVES TO NEXT STEP IF THERE IS NO OXYGEN (______________) IF THERE IS OXYGEN (_____________) = AEROBIC

  19. WITHOUT PYRUVIC ACID ___________ OXYGEN 2 kinds of fermentation ___________________ & _____________________ ANAEROBIC Alcoholic Lactic acid

  20. ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION _______ +_____ →__________ + ______ + _____ PYRUVIC ACID ALCOHOL CO2 NAD+ Happens when yeast makes bread dough rise CO2 bubbles make _____________ in bread Alcohol _______________ during cooking air spaces evaporates http://www.deliciousdelicious.com/archives/herb%20bread%201.jpg

  21. ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION _______ +_____ →__________ + ______ + _____ PYRUVIC ACID ALCOHOL CO2 NAD+ Happens when ___________ make _______ or ____________ make ______ beer yeast bacteria wine http://www.firstpath.com/images/alcohol.jpg

  22. LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION _______ +_____ →______________ + ________ PYRUVIC ACID LACTIC ACID NAD+ muscles Happens in _____________ during ____________when body can’t get oxygen to tissues fast enough. Lactic acid builds up in muscles causing soreness exercise http://www.miranda.com/library.en/Images/Pictures/girls-runners.jpg

  23. LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION _______ +_____ →______________ + ________ PYRUVIC ACID LACTIC ACID NAD+ Happens when bacteria are used to make foods and beverages like: __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ yogurt, cheese, buttermilk, & sour cream, pickles, saurkraut, and kimchi http://chronicle.augusta.com/images/headlines/032200/DANNON_YOGURT.jpg http://www.reillydairy.com/natural_cheese.html

  24. WHY DO FERMENTATION? WHY NOT JUST KEEP MAKING ATP USING GLYCOLYSIS? WITHOUT OXYGEN, PYRUVIC ACID ___________ and all the _______ carriers get full. Eventually glycolysis will builds up NAD+ NAD+

  25. _______ +_____ →__________ + ______ + _____ PYRUVIC ACID CO2 NAD+ ALCOHOL → NAD+ LACTIC ACID ______ → You get the NAD+ carriers back FERMENTATION HAPPENS so cells can ____________________ needed to keep glycolysis going REGENERATE the NAD+

  26. Flooded Corn Field Plants do ____________ but plants need ______________________ too. If plants seeds are under water 3 days or more, the seeds will die. If a plants roots are under water for 3 days or more, the plants will die. photosynthesis By:http://skyways.lib.ks.us/towns/ElkCity/2007flood.html oxygen for cellular respiration

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