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Introduction to Science

Introduction to Science. What is Science?. Chemistry? Physics? Biology? Dissections? Animals? All of the above?. Main Idea. Details. Science. Science is a way of learning about the natural world. For something to be science it must be testable. Science skills.

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Introduction to Science

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  1. Introduction to Science

  2. What is Science? • Chemistry? • Physics? • Biology? • Dissections? • Animals? • All of the above?

  3. Main Idea Details Science Science is a way of learning about the natural world. For something to be science it must be testable. Science skills Scientists use skills like observing, inferring, predicting, classifying, and making models to learn more about the world.

  4. Main Idea Details Observing Using one or more of your senses to gather information. Two basic types, Quantitative and Qualitative. Senses Sight, Hearing, Taste, Touch, and Smell. Example of Observation (Your choice)

  5. Main Idea Details Quantitative Observation Dealing with numbers or amounts. Example: (Your choice) Qualitative Observation Deals with descriptions that cannot be expressed in numbers. Example: (Your choice)

  6. Torpedo

  7. Torpedo.

  8. Independent Practice 10 Observations. • Using the template bellow, you will make one qualitative and one quantitative observation with each one of your 5 senses. • Template: Using my sense of ___________, I observed ________________________ , which is a ___________ observation.

  9. Main Idea Details Inferring Inferring is explaining or interpreting things you observe. Examples: (Pick one to copy) Your friend is smiling after your science tests are passed back. What can you infer? Your brother says “Ouch” after touching their seat belt on a hot day. What can you infer?

  10. Main Idea Details Predicting Making a forecast of what will happen in the future based on experience or evidence. A prediction is an inference about the future. Example: (Don’t Copy) Every time you stay up late talking on the phone you are tired in the morning. Then you are up one night late, talking on the phone. What can you predict? What was observed or experienced? What was inferred?

  11. Observation? Inference? or Prediction? Statement 1: When I left my house this morning I could feel the cold air on my face. Statement 2: On my way to school I noticed ice covering the puddles, and I figured the temperature must have dropped bellow freezing last night. Statement 3: Lemons taste sour.

  12. Statement 4: Based on the weather report, all the puddles should be frozen in the morning. Statement 5: This morning I was cold walking to school because I did not wear a jacket Statement 6: My feet hurt when I started wearing my new shoes Statement 7: My feet hurt because my new shoes were not broken in yet Statement 8: When my new shoes get broken in, they will no longer make my feet hurt

  13. Main Idea Details The process of grouping together items that are alike in some way. (Copy one of the discussed examples) What do you classify at home? What do you classify at school? Classifying Classification Video

  14. Main Idea Details Representations of complex objects or processes. Example: Map, Building blue print, Model cars. Models

  15. Main Idea Details Scale Model A model that accurately shows the proportions between its parts. Which car is a scale model?

  16. Scale or Not? • With your partner you will discuss whether each of the following pictures is a scale model or a non-scale model (model). • Use the following template. • Template: This picture of ____________ appears to be a _____________ because ________________.

  17. Flashcard words • Science • Observing • Inferring • Predicting • Classifying • Models • Scale Models • Quantitative Observation

  18. The Scientific Method

  19. Main Idea Details Scientific Inquiry The diverse ways in which scientists investigate the natural world Scientific Method A process used to investigate the natural world and produce answers to questions. Scientific Method Steps Problem or Question Hypothesis Experiment/test Analyze data/results Conclusion

  20. Main Idea Details Questions/ Problem Scientific Inquiry often begins with a problem or question about an observation. Ex. Do plants grow better in the sun light than they do in the shade? Bad Example: (don’t copy) Not all questions can be investigated. See if you can pick out which question is a scientific question. Does my dog eat more food than my cat? Which makes a better pet – a cat or a dog?

  21. Main Idea Details Hypothesis Possible explanation for a set of observations or answer to a scientific question. Example: My dog will eat more food than my cat because it is a larger animal. Practice Hypothesis “Chirp, Chirp, Chirp.” its one of the hottest nights of the summer and your trying to sleep. On most nights the quiet chirping of crickets gently lulls you to sleep but tonight the noise is almost defining. Why are they chirping more tonight than most nights.. Write a Hypothesis:

  22. Practice Hypothesis 1. Question: Will an ice cube melt faster sitting on the counter or in the fridge? Hypothesis: 2. Question: Will a pot of hot water boil faster than a pot of cold water? Hypothesis: 3. Question: Do students do better on tests if they study right before? Hypothesis:

  23. Main Idea Details Experiment/ Test Controlled events that allow you to acquire data or observations. Variables Factors that can change in an experiment. Ex. (Don’t Write) - Time of day - Number of Crickets - Time of year - Temperature - Other animals

  24. Main Idea Details Controlled experiment An experiment in which only one variable is manipulated at a time. Manipulated variable. The variable that is purposely changed. (Also called the independent variable) Responding variable Variable that may change in response to the manipulated variable. (also called dependent variable)

  25. Variables • In your notes write the manipulated and responding variables for the following experiment, and list any other variable that need to be controlled. • You are designing an experiment to determine if crickets “chirp” more in hotter weather. You set up 3 containers with the same amount of crickets each with a different temperature, and count the number of chirps. • Manipulated variable: • Responding variable: • Other variables: (list at least 3)

  26. Practice Picking out Variables Experiment: Grow 5 plants in the shade and 5 plants in the sun. Measure the growth once per week for 3 months. • Manipulated variable? • Responding variable? • 3 Other variables to control?

  27. Main Idea Details Part of an experiment to which you can compare the results of the other tests. Ex. In a test of diet drug effectiveness they would have a group of people taking a placebo (fake pill) and that would be the “control” group. Control Analyze Data/Results Study and analyze the information your experiment provides you. The facts, figures, and other evidence gathered through observation. Data

  28. Main Idea Details Conclusion A summary of the problem, hypothesis, experiment and especially the results. (usually between 1 to 2 paragraphs)

  29. Example Conclusion An experiment was performed to find out if water temperature had an effect on the time it takes for Brine-shrimp eggs to hatch. The hypothesis was that it would not effect the time. Eggs were placed in 3 different temperatures of water, 15,22,30, and the time it took for them to hatch was recorded. The results do not support the hypothesis. The results show that temperature does effect the time it takes for brine-shrimp eggs to hatch. They hatch faster in warmer water and slower in colder water.

  30. The Study of Life

  31. Main Idea Details Life Science The study of living things. Also know as Biology which means the study of life. Organism The general term for any living thing. Includes cats, dogs, bacteria, and humans. (anything living)

  32. Main Idea Details The Big ideas in life science • Organisms are diverse, yet share similar characteristics. • Groups of organisms change over time. • The structure and function of organisms are complementary. • Organisms operate on the same physical principles as the rest of the natural world.

  33. Diverse but similar activity. Write 10 different organisms on the board and discuss their differences and similarities.

  34. Main Idea Details Development Process of change that causes an organism to become more complex. Structure The way an organism is put together as a whole. Ex. Skeleton, muscle, skin etc. Function The processes that enable an organism to survive. Structure and function working together to meet the needs of the organism Complementary

  35. Graphing

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