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Participation and Leadership in Groups. Functional Theory. Benne & Sheats – functional behaviors that occur in groups (p. 50-52). What are two roles in each category and give examples of accompanying behaviors? How do self-centered roles affect group interaction?
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Functional Theory • Benne & Sheats – functional behaviors that occur in groups (p. 50-52). • What are two roles in each category and give examples of accompanying behaviors? • How do self-centered roles affect group interaction? • What roles might you take on, based on your personality? • Why is it important to have task and maintenance roles represented in a group?
Group Task Functions Initiator Information seeker Information giver Opinion seeker Opinion giver Clarifier-summarizer Evaluator-critic Energizer Procedural technician Recorder-secretary Group Maintenance Functions Encourager-supporter Harmonizer Compromiser Tension Releaser Gatekeeper Observer-Interpreter Follower Self-Centered Roles • Aggressor • Blocker • Dominator • Recognition Seeker • Clown • Deserter • Confessor
How can each type effectively contribute to a group? Myers-Briggs Type Indicator • Extrovert • Sensor • Thinker • Judger • Introvert • Intuitive • Feeler • Perceiver What four areas best represent your personality??
Consider… • What does my personality type tell me about how I will interact in groups? • What will be my primary contribution for this team? • How do I feel about my role? • What are other roles that I would enjoy? • What are barriers to my creative contributions? PLEASE focus on these items for one of the next journal entries. Also, complete book assignments on page 93, 120, and 142.
Guidelines for Participation • Preparedness—whatever that means for your group. • Willingness—To listen, to participate, to keep an open mind. Also, willingness to be a follower. • (We place great value on leaders, but followers are underappreciated… do you agree or disagree with this statement?) • Able—Know your competencies and your boundaries.
Challenges • Disruptive members—do you agree with the “accept, confront, exclude” strategies that your authors present? • Are there other ways to “manage” disruptive members? • Hidden agendas—What could some hidden agendas could some of your group members have? How can those be overcome?
Power distance, low/high Uncertainty avoidance Individualism/collectivism High context (self-monitor)/low context (self-monitor) Important Definitions for Cultural Considerations
Dimensions of Team Talk—Verbal Communication • Identification—Using plural pronouns. • Interdependence—Expressing “needy” language. • Power differentiation—Talking on equal terms. • Social distance—Using casual language. • Conflict management techniques—Problem solving, nonthreatening tone, nonjudgmental language, using “mirroring” technique. • Negotiation process—Open-ended questions, objectivity, summarizing areas of agreement.