THE IGNITION RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE

1. THE IGNITION RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE Author: Mihai Magyari, Ph.D.Eng. INSEMEX PETROSANI ROMANIA 32-34 G-ral. Vasile Milea Street, Petrosani, Hunedoara county +40 254 541 621; +40 254 541 622; Fax: +40 254 546 277 e-mail: insemex@insemex.ro; http://www.insemex.ro

2. THE IGNITION RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE 1. Product description: Performances, service life, configuration The approaching step (the first step) consists in understanding the operation of equipment and/or components and the kind of substances processed, used or released. For this purpose, an analysis of the operation and conditions of use shall be performed. The intended use has to take into consideration, for example, the following elements: • lifecycles of equipment and/or components; • deadlines for use, time and space (environment, area); • function accurate defining; • material selection for manufacturing; • performances, service life, configuration • description of types of substances to be processed and the processing (work) conditions.

3. THE IGNITION RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE 2 Ignition hazard identification 2.1 Explosive atmospheres probability and duration of occurrence indoor An internal explosive atmosphere will occur only if the concentration of the air/gas, mixtures is above the lower explosive limit. Variations in concentration shall be taken into consideration from the beginning up to the end of the work process. Additional variations in concentration due to process conditions have to also be taken into account. If the concentration resides above the upper explosion limit, the hazards as fires have to be considered too. Occurrence of dangerous explosive atmospheres depends upon the following: • flammable substances presence; • dispersion degree of the flammable substances (for example gas, vapors, mists, dusts); • concentration of flammable substances in air, within the explosive range; • the sufficient amount of explosive atmosphere, enough to cause damages or losses by igniting it.

4. THE IGNITION RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE 2.2 Ignition sources This stage has as result a complete list of all ignition hazards of the equipment. To begin with, it has to be determined which types of ignition sources can be generated. All significant ignition sources that could come into contact with the explosive atmosphere have to be taken into account. The potential ignition sources have to be examined through an operational identification and the differences have to be separately considered, related to: • energy levels (temperature, pressure, electromagnetic field, static electricity discharges); • constructional variations; • operating conditions or work cycles, including their variations (starting, shutting off, load alternating etc.); • environment influence (temperature, pressure, humidity, energy sources etc.); • materials features or interdependency (metals, synthetic materials, liquids that may build up static charges etc.);

5. THE IGNITION RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE 3. Ignition risk estimation When estimating the ignition risk, the manufacturer decides the ignition hazard probability of occurrence. The decision shall be based on the following three cases of distinct situations: • normal and faulty operation, that can be reasonably foreseen; • frequency of occurrence of perturbation or equipment failure that normally have to be considered (foreseeable faults), and • rare incidents. In order to determine the importance of ignition sources, the properties of the explosion caused by mixtures of air with gas, vapor, mists or dusts shall be considered. The restriction regarding the explosive atmosphere type shall be included in the operating instructions. For each case, the particular ignition sources have to be individually considered.

6. THE IGNITION RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE 4. Ignition risk assessment The level of protection relates to the defined categories and the respective requirements. Assessment of the ignition risk results in additional measures to fulfill the equipment protection level EPL. If preventing the explosive atmosphere is not possible, the prevention and protection measures / the type of protection shall be aproached in the following order: • ensuring the ignition sources cannot exist; • ensuring the ignition sources cannot become efficient; • preventing the explosive atmosphere from reachingthe ignition source; • mitigating the effects of an explosion occurred inside the equipment and/or component at an acceptable level and flame propagation prevention.

7. THE IGNITION RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE 5 Purpose and finality The method aims to quantitatively determine the level of risk on a workplace, based on systemic analysis and assessment of risks of occupational injury. Applying the method results in two documents: • WORKPLACE ASSESSMENT DATA SHEET, comprising partial risk levels for each risk factor and the global risk level of the workplace; 2. PREVENTION MEASURES DATA SHEET, containing all the technical and organizing measures provided in the standards, comprising all the technical measures for each individual risk factor. The workplace data sheet, drawn up this way, constitutes the foundation basis for the occupational injury prevention program, for the analyzed workplace, sector, section or economic agent.

8. THE IGNITION RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE QUOTATION SCALE OF THE GRAVITY AND CONSEQUENCES PROBABILITY OF RISK FACTORS ACTIONS ON THE HUMAN BODY

9. THE IGNITION RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE GRAVITY AND CONSEQUENCES PROBABILITY QUOTATION SCALE

10. THE IGNITION RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE RISK ASSESSMENT GRID (COMBINATION BETWEEN CONSEQUENCE GRAVITY AND OCCURENCE PROBABILITY)

11. THE IGNITION RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE RISK LEVEL / SAFETY LEVEL SCALE

12. THE IGNITION RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE OIL DEPOSIT Located in Piatra Neamt - Identified risk factors

13. THE IGNITION RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE OIL DEPOSIT Located in Piatra Neamt - Identified risk factors

14. THE IGNITION RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE OIL DEPOSIT Located in Piatra Neamt - Identified risk factors

15. THE IGNITION RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE OIL DEPOSIT Located in Piatra Neamt - Identified risk factors

16. THE IGNITION RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE WORKPLACE ASSESSMENT DATA SHEET

17. THE IGNITION RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE WORKPLACE ASSESSMENT DATA SHEET

18. THE IGNITION RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE WORKPLACE ASSESSMENT DATA SHEET

19. THE IGNITION RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE WORKPLACE ASSESSMENT DATA SHEET

20. THE IGNITION RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE WORKPLACE ASSESSMENT DATA SHEET

21. THE IGNITION RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE WORKPLACE ASSESSMENT DATA SHEET

22. THE IGNITION RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE WORKPLACE ASSESSMENT DATA SHEET

23. THE IGNITION RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE WORKPLACE ASSESSMENT DATA SHEET The global risk level of the analyzed workplace is the following: Nr = 3,14

24. THE IGNITION RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE PREVENTION MEASURES DATA SHEET

25. THE IGNITION RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE Fig.2 - PARTIAL RISK LEVELS ON RISK FACTORS, Work place: Oil deposit Piatra Neamt GLOBAL RISK LEVEL: 3,14

26. THE IGNITION RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE Fig.3 - DISTRIBUTION OF IDENTIFIED RISK FACTORS ACCORDING TO WORK SYSTEM ELEMENTS Work place: Oil deposit Piatra Neamt GLOBAL RISK LEVEL: 3,14

27. THE IGNITION RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE Thanks for your attention !