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Chapter 38

Chapter 38. 38.1 “Nutrition” Discuss how the body uses food & 6 classes of nutrients. 38.2 “The Digestive System” Discuss the role of Digestive System 38.3 “The Excretory System” Discuss the role of the kidneys & filtration. 38.1 Nutrition.

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Chapter 38

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  1. Chapter 38 • 38.1 “Nutrition” • Discuss how the body uses food & 6 classes of nutrients. • 38.2 “The Digestive System” • Discuss the role of Digestive System • 38.3 “The Excretory System” • Discuss the role of the kidneys & filtration.

  2. 38.1 Nutrition • Energy - the ability to do work (fuel, food, power) • Calorie - the amount of heat given off (raise temp. of 1 gram of water 1 degree) • Nutrients - carbs, fats, water, protein, vitamins & minerals.

  3. Nutrients continued... • Water - most important. • Carbohydrates - sugars; major source of food energy. (cellular respiration) • Fats - required in small amounts. • Proteins - amino acids. • Vitamins & Minerals - help perform chemical reactions.

  4. Old Food Pyramid New Food Pyramid Movie

  5. 38.2 “The Digestive System” • One-way tube that processes food into smaller molecules. • Mouth  teeth  saliva  esophagus  stomach  small intestine  large intestine  feces in rectum • Accessory structures (liver, pancreas and gallbladder) • Add digestive fluids to small int.

  6. 38.3 The Excretory System • Chemical Wastes - body excretes wastes through a process called excretion. • Every cell produces wastes (CO2, salts, NH3) • NH3 (ammonia) converts to urea (less toxic) through the bloodstream

  7. Kidneys • Filter blood • Two located in the lower back. • Remove salts, water, urea • Filter entire blood volume every 45 minutes. • Connected to the bladder via the ureters.

  8. Kidney Function • Filtration - filters blood of vitamins, glucose, a.a, & salts. • Reabsorption - “good” stuff is put back into blood • Secretion - remaining wastes go to bladder for storage

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