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The Constitution: Creating a Strong Federal Government

Learn about the Constitution and the debates surrounding its creation. Explore topics such as the Articles of Confederation, the Great Compromise, the Three-Fifths Compromise, and the Bill of Rights. Discover the presidency of George Washington and the development of political parties in early America.

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The Constitution: Creating a Strong Federal Government

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  1. The Constitution Mrs. Foster’s flipped classroom

  2. Daniel Shay’s Rebellion • In 1786-1787, more than a thousand angry, debt-ridden, Massachusetts farmers tried to take control of a federal arsenal • The weak government could not control them • The weak government could not fix the economy • George Washington and stronger government needed! Standard 5 A

  3. Articles of Confederation • Written during the American Revolution to create a “not-so-strong” central government • No executive branch (president or king) • No power to create or collect taxes • No power to regulate commerce • No power to establish one American currency • The 13 original states had more power than the national government Standard 5 A

  4. President Taxation Control over states $

  5. Federalists & Anti-Federalists Two groups for and against the new federal government Major arguments of each Strong central Gov’t Weak Central Gov’t Govt. led by educated eliteGovt. led by virtuous farmers Fear of “mob rule”Fear of another monarchy Industrial economyAgricultural economy Trade with BritainTrade with France Checks & Balances are safe Strong factions will take over Standard 5 B

  6. Whose who…Decide who is a federalist and who is an anti-federalist…

  7. Describe the compromises that went into drafting the US Constitution.

  8. The Great Compromise The BIG Question! How can different sized states have equal representation in this new government? Solution: Two house (bi-cameral) Congress • Virginia Plan • Big States • Representation based on population (House of Representatives) • New Jersey Plan • Small States • Representation equal (Senate) Standard 5 C

  9. The Three-Fifths Compromise The BIG Question! What do we want to say about slavery in this Constitution? Do the slaves count as population? • Southern States • Wanted slaves to count towards representation • Northern States • Slaves wouldn’t count towards representation Solution: 3 out of 5 slaves count for 1 person in representation. Standard 5 C

  10. Ratification This new Constitution now needs to be approved • Federalist: James Madison & Alexander Hamilton wanted ratification. Wrote Federalist Papers. • Anti-Federalists: Scared new government would take away freedoms/rights Standard 5 B

  11. The Bill of Rights • The promise the BoR as the protector of these state and individual rights got the Constitution ratified by the voters Standard 5 D

  12. Separation of Powers How do we make sure this new federal government isn’t too strong? • Limited Government/Dividing Power • Judicial Branch: interprets laws • Executive Branch: enforces laws • Legislative Branch:writes laws Standard 5 C

  13. Checks and Balances

  14. Describe a President • Think of characteristics of a good president. Make a list of words that you would think describe a great president.

  15. Identify the main factors of George Washington’s presidency.Who was George Washington? What do you know about him? Standard 5 E

  16. George Washington’s Presidency Washington was elected the 1st president of the US under the Constitution. • Washington favored non-intervention in Europe, (isolationism, neutrality) • Also got Britain to forgive debts and open trade with US • Washington created a cabinet of advisors Standard 5 E

  17. First AmericanPolitical Parties George Washington was very afraid of political divisions weakening the new nation, but beneath him two rival factions were growing Washington’s Farewell Address will warn of the dangers of political parties • His Secretary of State (diplomacy) was Thomas Jefferson, Anti-Federalist • THE (JEFFERSONIAN) REPUBLICANS • His Secretary of Treasury ($) was Alexander Hamilton • THE (HAMILTONIAN) FEDERALISTS Standard 5 E

  18. Standard 5 E The Whiskey Rebellion, 1794 • Congress to passed taxes on liquor to help pay off war debts • Hurt small western Whiskey Makers. Attacked tax collectors • Washington sent a large militia force • FAILED • Proved the new Constitution was strong enough to govern the new nation

  19. The Presidency of John Adams John Adams (Washington’s VP) won over Jefferson • Struggled with conflicts with Britain & France • Struggled with economic downturn • Struggled criticisms from fans of Jefferson Adams tried to limit criticism with the Alien & Sedition Acts • States like Virginia & Kentucky protested for their freedoms and Adams’ presidency was ruined Standard 5 E

  20. Alien and Sedition Acts • The Alien and Sedition Acts were passed by Congress in 1798 in preparation for an anticipated war with France. • The Naturalization Act increased the residency requirement for American citizenship from five to fourteen years, required aliens to declare their intent to acquire citizenship five years before it could be granted, and rendered people from enemy nations ineligible for naturalization. • The subsequent Sedition Act banned the publishing of scandalous or malicious writings against the government. The acts were designed by Federalists to limit the power of the opposition Republican Party, but enforcement ended after Thomas Jefferson was elected president in 1800.

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