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Alternative Feeds Research at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

Alternative Feeds Research at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Ronald Johnson Marine Aquaculture Program Northwest Fisheries Science Center NOAA Fisheries Seattle, WA, USA. World Fisheries -Capture vs. Aquaculture. Rising demand for fishmeal.

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Alternative Feeds Research at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

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  1. Alternative Feeds Research at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA) Ronald Johnson Marine Aquaculture Program Northwest Fisheries Science Center NOAA Fisheries Seattle, WA, USA

  2. World Fisheries -Capture vs. Aquaculture

  3. Rising demand for fishmeal • World demand for seafood is increasing. • Aquaculture can meet demand. • Worldwide aquaculture use- 2008* • Fish meal, 3.7 mmt, 61% of world supply • Fish oil, 0.7 mmt, 74% of world supply *Source: Tacon A G J, Hasan M R, Metian M (2011) Demand and supply of feed ingredients for farmed fish and crustaceans: trends and prospects. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper 564. Rome, FAO. 87pp.

  4. Rising cost of fishmeal

  5. NOAA/ USDA Alternative Feeds Initiative Goals • Alternative feed ingredients • cost effective • maintain fish growth • Maintain human health benefits • Low environmental impact

  6. Triple Bottom Line Approach

  7. Fishmeal vs. soybean meal prices

  8. Change is already taking place Torrissen et. al. 2011

  9. Plant proteins and oils-advantages • Economic • Low cost • Biotechnology can keep costs down and improve nutrient composition • Largest quantity of proteins and oils • Environmental • Low trophic level; primary producers • Co-product provides use of waste material for another industry (e.g., starch) • Sequesters CO2 on the earth • Human health Phyto-chemicals

  10. Plant proteins and oils-disadvantages • Economical • Nutritionally incomplete • Highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) • Amino acids and dipeptides • Met, Lys, Tau • Anti-nutritional factors • High in carbohydrates • Environmental • Issues associated with increased agriculture • Human Health • Naturally low in n-3HUFAs

  11. Byproducts of ethanol production -advantages • Economic • Low cost • Use of carbohydrate fraction for ethanol production may increase availability of the protein and bring costs down • Environmental • Co-product provides use of waste material from another industry • Sequesters CO2 • Human health Phyto-chemicals

  12. Byproducts of ethanol production -disadvantages • Economical • Nutritionally incomplete • Quality of protein sometimes low due to ethanol production process • Lipid competes with biodiesel • Environmental • Issues associated with increased agriculture • Human health • May have contamination loads from farming practices or processing for fuels • Naturally low in n-3 HUFAs

  13. Animal byproducts -advantages • Economic • Well utilized by a variety of fish species • Meals are often similar to fishmeal in nutrient composition • Increases revenue to animal processing • Lower cost? • Environmental • Recycles animal processing wastes back to fish • Human health • May be a source of CLA

  14. Animal byproducts -disadvantages • Economical • Public concerns over BSE have resulted in restrictions on use in feeds • Environmental • Issues associated with animal production • Human health • Some markets do not allow terrestrial animal proteins • BSE issue is unclear • Low in n-3 HUFAs and high in saturated fats

  15. Fish byproducts -advantages • Economic • High palatability • Easy to replace fish meal and oil with high quality meal • Environmental • Uses waste which is now discarded • Reduces nutrient pollution • Human health • High in n-3 HUFAs and other nutrients

  16. Fish byproducts-disadvantages • Economical • Expensive to capture fish • Located in small quantities from diverse sources • Highly perishable until dried • Environmental • No serious issues • Human health • May have the same contaminants as conventional fish meal and oil

  17. Other potential alternatives • Algae products • Krill • Insect products • Single cell protein • Marine invertebrates • Invasive fish species

  18. Northwest Fisheries Science Center Seattle, WA, USA

  19. Fisheries byproduct research at NWFSC

  20. Fisheries byproduct research at NWFSC • Whitefish meal • Pollock bone meal • Salmon processing • Head meal • Frame and trim meal

  21. Northwest Fisheries Science Center Manchester, WA, USA

  22. Going forward-Alternative feeds research at NWFSC • Fishmeal replacement • Fisheries byproducts meals • Plant meals • Taurine • Pollock bone meal • Fish oil replacement • Viscera oils • Specialty oils • Finishing feeds • Pacific salmon • Pre-harvest feeds intervals

  23. Thank you

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