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Switch Mode Power Supplies with Transformers: Electrical Isolation and Voltage Matching

Learn how transformers are used in switch mode power supplies to safely isolate output voltages from the electrical grid, address multiple ground potentials, and match voltage levels. Understand the importance of feedback crossing isolation boundaries, separate winding for feedback, and optical isolation in gate drive transformers. Explore various converter types including Flyback, Forward, and Full Bridge, each derived from different principles like Buck and Buck-Boost. Dive into detailed concepts such as Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) and Continuous Current Mode (CCM) in Flyback converters, alongside analyzing waveforms related to input and output voltages, inductance, and currents.

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Switch Mode Power Supplies with Transformers: Electrical Isolation and Voltage Matching

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  1. Switch Mode Power Supplies Vdd Use of Transformers for Electrical (DC) Isolation • Safety – Isolate output voltages from Electrical Grid • Multiple Reference ( “ground”) Potentials • Voltage Matching – Large difference between voltage levels of power source and converter outputs. • Feedback must traverse isolation boundary • Separate winding for feedback • Optical isolation Gate Drive

  2. Transformer Converter Types: • Flyback Converter – Derived from Buck-Boost • Forward Converter - Derived from Buck • Full Bridge – Derived from Buck

  3. Buck-Boost Converter Flyback Converter (Assume CCM) (Assume CMM) Df f(t) + Vin - + Vout - iL(t) ip(t) is(t) ip(t) F(t) is(t)

  4. Flyback Converter (cont) Same as Buck-Boost

  5. Flyback Converter (cont) Same as Buck-Boost

  6. + Vin - + Vout -

  7. Multiple Secondaries + Vout,1 > 0 - + Vout,2 < 0 - Feedback

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