Chapter 13.1 and 13.2 Notes

1. Chapter 13.1 and 13.2 Notes 1. Charlemagne’s Empire 2. New Invaders

2. Warm up • Middle Ages 815-1215 • Look on the map on page 372. • In the 800’s one major Christian kingdom, the Frankish Empire, ruled a huge portion of western Europe. This kingdom reached great heights under the rule of Charlemagne. By 1215 many kingdoms in Europe had divided, others had become unified, and even more had become Christian. • 1. What do you think caused the political boundaries in western Europe to change between 815-1215? • 2. What do you think happened during the Middle Ages to allow Christianity to spread so far in such a short period of time?

3. 13.1- Building Empire • Building an Empire • Since the fall of Rome the empire, Europe had been on the decline. • The Early Carolingians • Franks ruled much of western Europe under the control of the Carolingians • Charles Martel- not king but political leader and rule • His son Pippin III would take the throne and become actual king • Throne passed down in 768 to his son Charles…. Aka Charlemagne.

4. 13.1-Building a New Empire • Charlemagne’s Rise to Power • Success came from military power • Went into battle and defeated a land and brought in under his kingdom • Pope Leo II called on Charlemagne for help when the papal state was in trouble, and when he was pushed out. • Charlemagne escorted the Pope back into power and as a thanks the Pope named Charlemagne emperor • The title made it seem like Charlemagne had restored order to Rome • The Church had power to name emperors

5. 13.1- Building a New Empire • Charlemagne’s Rule • Empire to large to rule • So he est. a permanent capital at Aachen (now in Germany) • There he built a huge cathedral • He appointed counts to rule parts of the empire • Appointed inspectors to keep tabs on the counts. They helped ensure that counts remained loyal and that the empire was well run.

6. 13.1- New Society • Education • He encouraged education • He wanted leaders to be educated • Ordered churches to start schools • Scholars sent copies of text to the schools and monks copied them and sent them out. • If this was not done many of these famous works would most likely have been lost

7. 13.1- New Society • Religion • He wanted to create a unified Christian Church • He ordered those he conquered to convert to Christianity under penalty of death • Law • He honored the traditional laws of the tribe he conquered • He had many of these laws recorded because they were previously only oral laws. • Unfortunately When Charlemagne died in 814 the empirelost its center. He had not set up a strong enough gov’t

8. Charlemagne’s Achievements Politics- Unified Europe for the first time since the fall of Rome Education- Built schools and preserved ancient writings Religion- spread Christianity Law- Developed legal code

9. 13.2- The Vikings • Origins of the Vikings • Once Charlemagne died the Empire was unstable and new invaders came into the Frankish Empire • Vikings came in from the North- Norway, Denmark, and Sweden • Looking for new food and wealth Viking leaders decided to take what they needed from other people…. Thus began the Viking raids

10. 13.2- The Vikings • Viking Raids • Vikings had excellent navigation skills and boats which allowed them to cross many oceans to search for wealth • Vikings attacked England and France first and then expanded to all of Europe • People were afraid bc they had no warning when the Vikings would attack • The pillaged lands, towns, homes, and people • There favorite target were monastaries

11. 13.2- The Vikings • Viking Settlements • Some Vikings were explorers instead or raiders • Some settled in Iceland in 700’s • Vikings survived in Iceland much longer than In Europe • Explorers reached Greenland in 982 • Then Canada a hundred years later under the leadership of Leif Eriksson • Also settled in France under the leadership of Rollo who made a deal with the King of France to stop raiding in exchange for land which is now know as Normandy

12. 13.2- The Magyars • Magyars • Magyars- originally from the Asia raided and attacked the east • Rode and skilled on horseback • Settled in Hungary • Once they had a permanent home they could not outrun their opponents and were eventually crushed by Germany in the 900’s

13. 13.2- The Muslims • Muslims- • Muslims came into Europe in the 711’s at conquers and invaded Spain • Muslims ruled in the Iberian Peninsula for more than 700 years • It was a place of religious tolerance • In 800-900’s Muslim began small raids in Italy and France • They destroyed many ancient artifacts and churches like Saint Peter’s Basilica • They also cut off trade routes from Byzantine into the Mediterranean. Also from Italy and eastern allies • The pope had to turn to France for protection which shifted the power in western Europe