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Chapter 13.2 and 13.3

Chapter 13.2 and 13.3. Hunger and Psychological needs. Assignment. Read chapter 13 section 2 Create 4 bullet points for each blue and red section Do this on paper and turn into the basket. Biological Basis of Hunger. Not only from the stomach. It also comes from our…

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Chapter 13.2 and 13.3

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  1. Chapter 13.2 and 13.3 Hunger and Psychological needs

  2. Assignment • Read chapter 13 section 2 • Create 4 bullet points for each blue and red section • Do this on paper and turn into the basket

  3. Biological Basis of Hunger Not only from the stomach. It also comes from our… Brain (hypothalamus) & Body Chemistry sugar glucose=provides energy to body tissues, insulin Leptin- A protein released by fat cells that dampens hunger (fat cells) Norepinephrine, dopamine, and seratonin

  4. Hypothalamus Lateral Hypothalamus Ventromedial Hypothalamus When stimulated it makes you hungry. When lesioned (destroyed) you will never be hungry again. When stimulated you feel full. When lesioned you will never feel full again.

  5. Set Point Theory • The hypothalamus acts like a weight thermostat. • Wants to maintain a stable weight. • Varies from individual to individual • Basal Metabolic Rate-the rate of energy expenditure for maintaining basic body functions when the body is at rest (metabolism-varies)

  6. Eating Disorders Photoshop by Adobe' Bulimia Nervosa Characterized by binging (eating large amounts of food) and purging (getting rid of the food). Vomiting, laxatives, fasting, excessive exercise Late teens, early twenties Binge purge depression

  7. Anorexia Nervosa Click on the woman to watch a case study of an anorexic. Starve themselves to below 85% of their normal body weight. See themselves as fat. 9 of 10 are women Obsessed with weight and food

  8. Obesity Severely overweight to the point where it causes health issues. Mostly due to eating habits

  9. 13.3- Psychological Needs Psychological needs motivate us to reduce tension or stimulation. Other psychological needs actually lead us to increase the amount of stimulation we experience

  10. Stimulus Motives • Desires for stimulation are called stimulus motives • Sensory stimulation • Activity • Exploration • Manipulation of environment

  11. Stimulus Motives-Sensory Deprivation • Sensory deprivation- absences of stimulation • There was a study conducted in the 1950’s that placed college students in a white room, with no pictures, noise, or stimuli with their hands tied together to avoid tactile stimulation. • After hours students began to become bored • Several hours they felt agitated and uncomfortable • After a day some students gave up or even had hallucinations.

  12. Stimulus Motives- Desire for Sensory Stimulation • All people seek stimulation • Some need it more than others • Thrill seekers • It is not clear why some seek higher levels of sensations than others- nature v nurture

  13. Exploration and Manipulation • Most people are motivated to explore their immediate surroundings. • Novel stimulation- seeking new and varied experiences • Do people explore and manipulate their environment because of their need for food or saftey or because of novel stimulation? • Most believe that novel stimulation is natural and is connected to our need for self actualization

  14. Achievement Motivation High achievement motivation- those who are driven to get ahead, to tackle challenging situations, and to meet high expectations and standards of success Set higher goals, strive to achieve more and do more.

  15. Types of Goals • Performance goals- are specific goals such as gaining admission to college, earning approval from others, or avoiding criticism • Learning goals- “learning for the sake of learning” • Extrinsic rewards- rewards we get externally (grades, words of affirmation, money) • Works good in the short run • Intrinsic rewards- rewards we get internally (joy, satisfaction) • Works better in long run

  16. Making Things Fit The stimulus motives we have been discussing are ex. Of psychological needs aimed at increasing our level of stimulation. However, many psychological needs are aimed at reducing stimulation or tension, esp in interactions with other people. They types of psychological needs are based on peoples need to maintain a balance between their personal beliefs, actions, and thoughts

  17. Cognitive Consistency • Cognitive consistency- seek to think and behave in a way that fits what they believe and how others expect them to think and behave • Motivated to act on your beliefs • How gender roles are continued • desire for a similar partner and friends

  18. Cognitive Consistency- Balance theory • Balance Theory- people need to organize their perceptions, opinions, and beliefs in a harmonious manner. • Being with people who share your views • Take on your partners interests • Upset when discovering areas of disagreement • Such disharmony would place them in a state of imbalance • We try and persuade them to agree with us to gain balance- especially on big issues.. Politics and religion • When we do not like someone we do not care if we are in disagreement with them because we do not have an emotional connection to them • Non-balance- apathetic towards the imbalance

  19. Cognitive Dissonance Theory Cognitive Dissonance -is the excessive mental stress and discomfort experienced by an individual who holds two or more contradictory beliefs, ideas, or values at the same time. Cognitive-dissonance theory- Why do people find a state of imbalance uncomfortable? The answer is that most people want their thoughts and attitudes (cognitions) to be consistent with their actions. Awareness that out cognitions are inconsistent (dissonant) with our behavior is unpleasant.

  20. Cognitive Dissonance Theory Ex. When two people in a relationship disagree on a big issue (politics or religion) C.D. theory suggest that those people will try and ignore the dissonance (imbalance) and pretend it is unimportant.

  21. Cognitive Dissonance Theory Cognitive dissonance refers to a situation involving conflicting attitudes, beliefs or behaviors. This produces a feeling of discomfort leading to an alteration in one of the attitudes, beliefs or behaviors to reduce the discomfort and restore balance etc. For example, when people smoke (behavior) and they know that smoking causes cancer (cognition). Ex) When someone is forced to do (publicly) something they (privately) really don't want to do, dissonance is created between their cognition (I didn't want to do this) and their behavior (I did it).

  22. Affiliation • Affiliation- The desire to be with others and be apart of something larger than oneself • Make friends, join groups • Very strong in adolescents • However could be a sign of anxiety

  23. Assignment You and a partner think of 10 examples of cognitive dissonance in society

  24. Assignment Answer Section 2 and 3 review questions (p. 306 & p. 311) Complete vocab for chapter 13

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