Mainstreaming Gender for Equitable Disaster Recovery

1. Mainstreaming Gender for Equitable Disaster Recovery Session 3World Bank Institute 1 1 Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction

2. Gender mainstreaming in the disaster context • Recap: gender mainstreaming • Process of gender mainstreaming • Technical • Political • Results of gender mainstreaming • Improved recovery outcome • Social transformation 2 2 Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction

3. Analytical framework for genderfocus in DRM Gender perspective allows to: • Learn the differential impact of emergencies determined by needs and roles • Understand the post-disaster changes in access to and control of resources • Identify and develop the strategic capabilities of men and women 3 3 Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction

4. The five-step mainstreaming process • Background, goals and objectives • Who are the stakeholders? • Issues related to disaster risk reduction for all gender groups • Moving towards gender equality goals and objectives • Information and analysis • Mapping the situation: What information do we have? • Gender research and analysis • Formulation and implementation • Formulating policy or project intervention • Arguing the case: Gender matters! • Monitoring and evaluation • Monitoring: Keeping a gender-sensitive eye on things • Evaluation: How did we do? • Communication 4 4 Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction

5. Gender analytical tools: gender mapping • Helps to create inventory of the available information • Indicates the areas which requires further gender analysis andinvestigation 5 5 Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction

6. Gender analytical tools: gender diagnosis Who does what? How? Where? When? With Whom? Who could be capable of doing what? Gender roles analysis Who has what? Access and control What are the differences between men’s and women’s vulnerability profiles? Who needs what? Men’s and women’s needs Formulation of objectivesWhat needs will be met?Whose needs will be met?What opportunities exist to meet them? What constraints hinder meeting them? Practical gender approaches?Strategic gender approaches? How are men’s and women’s needs met? Who has access to what?Who has control over what?Is reduction of gender inequality a goal?Who participates in what, with whom, how, where, when, and to what end? Policy approaches 6 6 Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction

7. Gender analytical tools: gender analysis • A process of understanding the different activities and responsibilities of women and men and their access toand control over resources and decisions • Principles • Targeting • Macro, meso, micro levels • Strategic, practical and special needs • Application in three contexts: • Development, livelihood, stakeholder concerns 7 Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction

8. Gender analytical tools: policy map • Policy mapping helps to evaluate the extent to which gender concerns are reflected in policies and programs • At each administrative level, policies can be grouped as: • Disaster specific policies having a gender aspect • General policies on gender • Policies can be mapped and categorised on the basis of: • Locus of responsibility at each administrative/ institutional level • Status (whether it is existing or not in place) • How gender mainstreaming is to be undertaken • It systematically identifies progress areas and provides guidance for policy reform 8 8 Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction

9. Gender analytical tools: policy map example Policy map for Thailand in the post-tsunami period, 2007 (excerpt) 9 9 Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction

10. Gender analytical tools: institutional review, Tamil Nadu, India Social Welfare Department Rural Development Department, etc Revenue Administration, Disaster Management and Mitigation Department State Relief Commissioner; State Disaster Plan TN State government State civil service District Collector District Contingency Plan Local Government Urban local government Rural local government Green arrows represent the flow of information. Red arrows represent the flow of decision-making & executive power 10 10 Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction

11. Formulating strategy for mainstreaming • Without advance preparation, post-disaster situation present dilemmas of urgency • Strategy needs to address short term practical concerns as well as long term strategic interests Full gender mainstreaming Self-actualisation Esteem Equal political participation Belonging (family, friends) Self help groups; domestic violence/alcoholism counseling Safety (domestic/sexual violence); livelihoods, compensation, housing Safety (employment, health, property) Survival rates and rescue priorities; nutrition, medicine, reproductive health, clothing Physiological needs (food, breathing) 11 11 Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction

12. Policies: short-term practical concerns • Short term, practical gender needs • Identified by women and men • A consequence of sociallydefined roles • But addressing them does not challenge socially defined roles • Within specific context such as • Preparedness • Relief • Recovery 12 12 Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction

13. Policies: long-term strategic concerns • Strategic needs rooted in gender inequalities • Division of labor • Factor and products market • Legal status • Participation • Context specific • Preparedness • Relief • Reconstruction 13 13 Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction

14. Challenges in mainstreaming gender in broader risk reduction • Little interest in ‘institutionalizing’ gender mainstream before disaster • Little attention to strengthening • ‘gender infrastructure’ for • mainstreaming • Unaccountable organizational structure for gender mainstreamingand gender equity 14 14 Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction

15. Summing up: five key messages • Gender is not only about vulnerability, it is also about capacity • Effective gender mainstreaming into disaster reconstruction and recovery starts before the disaster • The aftermath of disaster can allow changes to be up-scaled, expanded and deepened • Coordination of information flow and allocation of responsibilitiesare key instruments in effective recovery • Disaster recovery and reconstruction should not only be managed for the benefit of those affected, but also by the beneficiaries themselves. 15 15 Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction