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The Age of Exploration

The Age of Exploration. Economic Developments. Trade routes expanded Europeans developed a taste for Asian goods The development of banking. The Royal Exchange, London. New Technology Ships. Caravels Ship technology Armaments. New Technology Navigation. Astrolabe Compass

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The Age of Exploration

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  1. The Age of Exploration

  2. Economic Developments • Trade routes expanded • Europeans developed a taste for Asian goods • The development of banking The Royal Exchange, London

  3. New TechnologyShips • Caravels • Ship technology • Armaments

  4. New TechnologyNavigation • Astrolabe • Compass • Practical knowledge of winds and currents Astrolabe

  5. Motives for Exploration SEARCH FOR RESOURCES AND LAND Sugar Oceanic Resources Wheat

  6. Motives for Exploration TRADE CONTACTS Asia Africa Spice market Other lands

  7. Motives for Exploration MISSIONARY ACTIVITY

  8. Motives for Exploration GLORY National Personal Columbus lands in America

  9. Early Endeavors: The Portuguese • The Portuguese began the era of European exploration • The Portuguese were dependent on the seas • Ocean access helped Portugal

  10. Prince Henry the Navigator(1394–1460) • Son of the king of Portugal • Had been a crusader • Investigated possible trade opportunities in Africa

  11. Prince Henry’s Exploration • Originally explored Africa • Established navigational school • Motivation Henry’s navigation school

  12. Early Portuguese Exploration:Africa • West African coast • Trade developed Portuguese fort on the African coast

  13. Early Portuguese Slave Trade • Began around 1443 • Pope Nicholas V sanctioned the slave trade • Local slave trade already existed • Sugar plantations Transporting slaves

  14. Bartolomeu Dias • Traveled the coast of Africa • Around the tip of southern Africa in 1488 • Returned to Portugal Dias rounding the Cape of Good Hope

  15. Vasco da Gama • 1498, sailed for India • Reached India • Sea route Da Gama in India Portrait of da Gama

  16. Northern Europeans in Asia • Latecomers to Asia • Established East India Companies • The English, French, and Dutch 18th-century French map of Southeast Asia

  17. The Role of Trading Companies Joint-stock Granted charters Private endeavors

  18. Discovering a New World • Empires in the New World—the result of a mistake • Consequences

  19. Christopher Columbus • Italian navigator • Sought patron for his exploration idea • Sailed under the title “Admiral of the Seas”

  20. Columbus’s Journey • Sailed west • Found land in the Caribbean • Believed he was in Asia

  21. Amerigo Vespucci • Early life • Exploration • Naming the New World

  22. Hernando Cortes • Conquered the Aztec Empire (1519–1521) • Defeated Montezuma • Governor of Mexico

  23. Francisco Pizarro • Conquered the Incas • Held Atahualpa, the Inca ruler, prisoner • Once he controlled the area, he exploited the Incas

  24. Spanish Explorers in theNew World: North America Juan Ponce de Leon Alvar Nunez Cabeza da Vaca Hernando de Soto Francisco Vasquez de Coronado

  25. Ferdinand Magellan • Explored the coast of South America • Entered Pacific Ocean Magellan’s route

  26. Magellan • Difficult Pacific journey • Philippines and the Indies • Juan Sebastian del Cano

  27. Portuguese and Spanish colonize New World Treaty of Tordesillas European spheres of influence Avoiding Conflicts in the New World

  28. The Spanish in the New World Built an enormous empire in the Americas

  29. Religion and the Spanish Empire • Christian missionaries • Christian missionaries and Native American rights

  30. Social Classes & the Spanish Spanish Creoles Mestizos Native Americans

  31. The French in North America • Samuel de Champlain • Furs • Jesuit missionaries Champlain in Quebec

  32. Further French Colonization • Mississippi and Louisiana • New France remained small La Salle in Mississippi

  33. English Exploration • “Northwest Passage” to Asia • Henry VIII • Failure to find Northwest Passage Henry VIII

  34. English Colonization in North America • Slow colonization • The 13 colonies • Causes of migration

  35. Colonial Rivalries Although much of the conflict was between the Europeans and the lands they conquered, there was also conflict between the Europeans over colonial interests. Colonial Conflicts Trade Conflict

  36. The Columbian Exchange Plants, animals, and foodstuffs Disease Migrations and population shifts

  37. Columbian Exchange:Plants and Animals From the Americas: Potatoes Pumpkin Coffee Maize Cocoa Squash Peanuts Hominy Pineapple Tomatoes Chicle Sorghum Quinine Avocados Alpaca Llamas

  38. Columbian Exchange:Plants and Animals From Europe: Wheat Pigs Cauliflower Chickens Radishes Cattle Peas Horse Cabbage Sheep Clover

  39. Columbian Exchange:European Diseases • European diseases • Smallpox, measles, influenza, and whooping cough Smallpox victim

  40. Triangular Trade • How it worked • European supremacy French seaport at the height of mercantilism

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