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Sociology & Groups

Sociology & Groups. Unit 4. Group Types. Social Groups Primary Groups Secondary Groups Relationships Primary Relationships Secondary Relationships Aggregate Category. Group Size. Small Group Dyad Triad Large Group Shared opinions Contain small sub-groups

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Sociology & Groups

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  1. Sociology & Groups Unit 4

  2. Group Types • Social Groups • Primary Groups • Secondary Groups • Relationships • Primary Relationships • Secondary Relationships • Aggregate • Category

  3. Group Size • Small Group • Dyad • Triad • Large Group • Shared opinions • Contain small sub-groups • Communication becomes formal • Shifting norms

  4. Group Values • Group Norms • Group Roles • Harmonizers • Talkers • Idealizers

  5. Leadership • Leadership Characteristics • Height • IQSocial & Communication Skills • Self-confidence • Liberal

  6. Types of Leaders • Instrumental Leader • Expressive Leaders

  7. Leadership Styles • Authoritarian • Democratic • Laissez-Faire

  8. Group Decisions • Group Conformity • Group Think • Risky Shift • Cautious Shift • Distorted Decision Making

  9. Group Decision Process • 1) Collection of Information • 2) Evaluation of Information • 3) Decision Reached • 4) Harmony Restored

  10. The Asch Paradigm • Decision-Making and Conformity • 7 confederates, 1 participant • 1/3 fell into the “majority affect”

  11. Group Boundaries • In-groups • Out-groups

  12. Reference Groups • Reference Groups • Used for self-evaluation • Set a standard • Strongly influence behaviors

  13. Group Networks • Social Networks • Primary contacts • Secondary contacts

  14. Organizations • Formal Organizations • Informal Organizations • Organizational Culture • Cultural network

  15. Douglas McGregor • Theories of Management • Theory X • Theory Y • Related Concepts: • Job rotation • Job enlargement

  16. Bureaucracies • Bureaucracy: Hierarchical authority controlling formal organizations. • Karl Marx: These are bad! • Max Weber: Rationalizes rules & procedures – Functionalist! • Ideal Type is OK • Division of Labor • Hierarchy • Regulations • Impersonal • Record Keeping • Administrative • Career structures

  17. Bureaucracies • Robert merton: Beureaucratic Persoanlity is a dysfunction • Seen as a negotiated reality • Leads to Oligarchy

  18. Problem With Bureaucracies • Bureaucratic Alienation • Bureaucratic Ritualism • Bureaucratic Inertia • Institutionalism • Goal Displacement

  19. Organizational Process • Institutionalization • Goal Displacement • Collective Organizations

  20. Organizational Models • Amitai Etzioni’s 3 Organizational Models: • Coercive Organizations • Utilitarian Organizations • Voluntary Associations

  21. Organizational Models • McDonaldization: • Efficiency • Calculability • Predictability • Control

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