Presentation Transcript

1. The Age of Imperialism TC
2. Table of Contents TC Imperialism Overview China Japan Middle East Africa India Latin America
3. TC Imagine for a moment… That you are at home engaged in one of your favorite activities; playing a game, listening to music, or reading. So far the day is as any other. Then all of the sudden a group of individuals arrive at your front door demanding that you stop what ever you are doing. These individuals tell you that your way of life is wrong. They inform you however that they have come to your house to correct your way of life. They say it is their responsibility to change your way of living for the better. You find out that this has happened not only to you but your neighbors as well. Over time your way of life does change. These individuals, who you do not even know, have changed your government, religion, and other cultural practices, and remember these individuals told you this was for your own good. What is your reaction?
4. TC Unit Enduring Understandings
5. Global Impact of Industrialization TC Moved through Europe and to the US (West) More demand for products motivated colonization to gain raw materials IMPERIALISM
6. TC Let’s refresh our memories… What is a colony? Example… What is nationalism? Example… What occurred during industrialization? These are all components that will materialize in our discussions of Imperialism…
7. TC Profit/Losses= Revenue (price or what is gained) – cost (labor + capital – resources/raw materials/land/etc. Many European nations had an abundance of raw materials and resources so why did they look else other places? As competition (domestic and international) for resources increased so did the price. Cost of Raw materials increases. Also the demand for products started to drop off. As a result the prices of the goods dropped. What is the Solution? NEW MARKETS!!!! Go to areas of the world with natural resources that can be processed or sold. This will lower cost. Sell process goods back to the new markets.
8. TC Industrialization Imperialism INDUSTRIALISM STIRRED AMBITIONS IN MANY EUROPEAN NATIONS. THEY WANTED MORE RESOURCES TO FUEL THEIR INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION. THEY COMPETED FOR NEW MARKETS FOR THEIR GOODS. THEY LOOKED TO AFRICA AND ASIA AS SOURCES OF THE RAW MATERIALS AND MARKETS FOR CLOTH, PLOWS, GUNS, AND OTHER INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS.
9. TC Forms of Imperialism
10. TC Forms of Imperialism
11. Justification and Motives of Imperialism TC
12. TC Imperialism Overview The conquering of a country or territory by a stronger nation with the intent of dominating it politically, economically, socially and culturally Central-core of empire is a nation-state Ex. Great Britain, France, United States Politically? Economically? Socially? Culturally?
13. TC British Imperialism British Imperialism British dominated 19th century imperialism Reached it’s height under Queen Victoria Jump start due to early industrialization Originally about economics PRIDE Glorified imperialism in stories, newspapers, poetry Ex. Kipling’s White Man’s Burden Major Rivals: France Germany Belgium Germany
14. “The Sun Never Sets on the British Empire” TC
15. TC Motives Driving Imperialism Nationalism Viewed an empire as a measure of national greatness “All great nations in their fullness of their strength have desired to set their mark upon barbarian lands” Economic Competition- race for raw materials and markets Geopolitics An interest in land for strategic location or product; often leads to conflict European nations interested in specific resources in specific places but not always interested in taking over entire country Examples: canals, oil, water access
16. TC European Racism Idea that the white race was superior to others Social Darwinism those that were fittest for survival enjoyed wealth and successes and were considered superior to others
17. TC RHODES COLOSSUS “We [the British] happen to be the best in the world, with the highest ideals of dependency and justice and liberty and peace, and the more of the world we inhabit, the better it is for humanity.”- Cecil Rhodes Cecil Rhodes, shown standing astride of Africa, in a cartoon from Punch magazine; Rhodes had built the trans-Africa railway, and is the man after whom the nation of Rhodesia was named (now Zimbabwe). The cartoon is a play on the old Colossus of Rhodes, which was one of the “Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.”
18. TC Racism Before Reading: Define the term race in your own words. When you think of the word race, what comes to mind? Record a bulleted list of words and/or characteristics that you associate with the idea of race. Add in bullet points as needed. Is race real? Does it exist? Justify your answer in the space below.
19. TC Assignment: White Man’s Burden by Rudyard Kipling Take up the White Man’s burden— Send forth the best ye breed— Go, bind your sons to exile To serve your captives’ need; To wait, in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild— Your new-caught sullen peoples, Half devil and half child. According to Kipling, what is the “White Man’s burden”?
20. TC The white man’s burden- The Journal, Detroit 1899
21. TC Racism Post-Reading: How did your idea of race change? Do you agree with the ideas listed in these handouts? Why or why not? What was the most surprising statement? Why? How might this new understanding change the way you think about others?
22. TC Missionary Impulse Desire to Christianize people Believed European rule was the best way to end evil practices (i.e. slave trade)
23. TC Factors that contributed to Imperialism
24. TC Imperialism: Perspective “Our whole existence has been controlled by people with an alien attitude to life, people with different customs and beliefs. They have determined the form of government, the types of economic activity, and the schooling which our children have…A man who tries to control the life of another does not destroy the other any less because he does it, as he thinks, for the other’s benefit. It is the principle which is wrong, the principle of one man governing another without his consent.” -Julius Nyerere of Tanzania
25. Imperialism in Africa TC
26. The Berlin Conference TC
27. TC Assignment Based on the cartoon pictured, discuss with the person sitting next to you the following two questions According to this cartoon, which European countries were fighting for a position in Africa? 2. How did the Berlin Conference lead to the situation shown in the cartoon?
28. TC Berlin Conference (1884-85) European conference that met to lay down rules for the division of Africa Agreement Any European country could claim land in Africa by notifying other nations of their claims and showing they could control the area No African ruler attended meetings
29. TC Berlin Conference Simulation Welcome to the Berlin Conference of 1884-85! Background: In the late 1800s a meeting of European powers was held to divide Africa among those nations represented. During this time they agreed that any European country could claim land in Africa by notifying other nations of their claims and showing they could control the area. You will simulate this exercise and work in groups of four (4) to partition the African continent. Each individual will be assigned two (2) countries below; your task is to negotiate with those other countries around you and reach an agreement as to how Africa should be divided. You are seeking to gain as much territory as possible while still meeting the goal(s) listed below. This exercise requires extensive negotiation and discussion. Each group will produce and submit a copy of the completed African map. It must clearly show the division of the African continent and, more importantly, the territorial holdings of each major European power. Please label and color (lightly) each territory. At the end of the exercise you will then compare your map to the actual map of 1914 Africa. Good luck! Please refer to pages A14 and A15 in your textbook’s atlas, as well as page 308 when answering the reflection questions.
30. TC Imperialism: Partition of Africa
31. TC Egypt and the Suez Canal
32. The Suez Canal TC
33. African Resource maps TC
34. Why was South Africa imperialized? TC Resources Geopolitical- location Climate
35. The Congo River Basis TC Why did King Leopold colonize the Congo? The Rivers!!! Rubber http://www.enotes.com/genocide-encyclopedia/king-leopold-ii-congo
36. Outcomes of Imperialism in Africa TC Positives Reduced local warfare Improved sanitation, transportation & communication Provided better medical care Negatives Lost control Lost customs & traditions Famines due to cash crops Unnatural division of continent
37. TC Outcomes of Imperialism in Middle East Ottoman Empire Loses Power Unsuccessful vied for power over territories with Europe Many former Ottoman territories gained independence (i.e. Greece, Serbia, Romania, Montenegro, Cyprus, Bosnia, Herzegovina, and land in Africa) Result Countries initiated political and social reforms to block European domination of their land (Persia, Egypt)
38. Outcomes of Imperialism in Middle East TC Persia and Oil Great Britain and Russia divide Persia and have access to oil-rich lands
39. Outcomes of Imperialism in Middle East TC
40. TC Imperialism in India
41. TC Imperialism in India India was the largest and most lucrative colony of the entire British Empire. 1600’s British East India Co. began trading in India; over time gaining more economic and POLITICAL control “Jewel in the crown” the most valuable of all the British colonies
42. Outcomes of Imperialism in India TC Long-Term Effects of Colonization in India Resurgence of nationalism against GB Creation of: Indian National Congress-1855 Mix of all Indians Muslim League-1906 Just Muslim Indians Goal: push for independence and protection of Muslim rights Strong tension continues to develop between Hindus and Muslims as nationalism is on the rise
43. TC Jungle Book: Lively stories filled with talking animals Rudyard Kipling wrote the famous children’s book, The Jungle Book, in 1893. It was written at the height of British imperialism around the globe. Kipling is known for his great pride in Britain and his support of British imperialism. However, remember, he was a realist in his views. Many of his written works portray this in his characters. The Jungle Book is no exception. The story is set in the jungle of India. Although it is a children’s book, the characters symbolize much of what Kipling believed was right about the British colonization of India.
44. TC Assignment How do the characters in the movie, The Jungle Book, reflect the actions and intentions of British imperialism in India in the 19th Century? Pay attention to the messages given by each character and how they each may symbolize elements of imperialism. Select THREE characters you feel most comfortable supporting and present your analysis in a three-paragraph essay. Be sure to provide examples from the film to support your analysis.
45. TC List of Characters Mowgli King Louie Baloo Kaa Colonel Hathi Shere Khan Bagheera Vultures
46. TC Use pages 321-325 in text to provide an overview of the causes, effects, and policies that affected India in the 1700s and 1900s. Fill out corresponding graphic organizer!
47. Sepoy Revolt TC
48. TC Imperialism in China
49. Imperialism in China TC Imperialism in China Chinese had firm traditions stable & secure Looked down at outsiders Had strong agricultural economy Foreign traders brought new products – foods – led to population boom in 18th Century Strong mining and manufacturing Many natural resources – salt, tin, silver, iron ore Produced fine silks, cottons, porcelain
50. Imperialism in China TC Tea/Opium Connection Chinese self sufficient  did not need to trade WITH West but did trade TO West British wanted to find a good (product) Chinese would want to buy to improve trade balance OPIUM! Used as pain reliever in Chinese medicine Highly addictive Over 12 million were hooked by 1830’s
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53. Imperialism in China TC “By what right do they (British Merchants) …use the poisonous drug (opium) to injure the Chinese people?...I have heard that the smoking of Opium is strictly forbidden by your country…Since it is not permitted to do harm to your own country, then even less should you let it be passed on to the harm of other countries.” Lin Zexu, quoted in China’s Response to the West
54. Imperialism in China TC Opium War The British refused to stop trading OPIUM China begins naval battle with British to stop sale of Opium China easily DEFEATED Effects: Effects HONG KONG given to G.B. Special rights given to G.B. – exempt from trade laws at ports
55. Imperialism in China TC Issues in China POPULATION had grown dramatically Food supply lacking Government CORRUPTION Opium use INCREASING WHAT’S A NATION TO DO? Overthrow the government, of course! TAIPING REBELLION & BOXER REBELLION
56. Assignment TC Use pages 335-339 in text to provide an overview of the causes, effects, and policies that affected China in the 1800s and 1900s. Fill out corresponding graphic organizer!
57. Imperialism in China TC Self Strengthening Movement Effects of Instability in China Foreigners import resources for MILITARY China loses control of QUALITY and in trade balance Increasing WESTERN INFLUENCE Public not overly supportive of program Foreigners attack Other countries capitalize on China’s weaknesses Resulting treaties lead to “FOOTHOLDS”—spheres of influence
58. Spheres of Influencein China TC
59. Imperialism in Asia TC
60. TC Imperialism by Japan
61. Imperialism by Japan TC
62. Assignment TC Use pages 339-343 in text to provide an overview of the causes, effects, and policies that affected Japan in the 1800s and 1900s. Fill out corresponding graphic organizer!
63. TC Assignment: Japan Cartoon Create a 4 frame comic strip of Japanese History using Chapter 12-2. Your strip should tell the story of the Japanese and Imperialism. On the back of your cartoon, write a summary of this topic in no more than 3 sentences.
64. America- Latin America and the Canal TC Darwin- Darwinism – evolution- natural selection American Nationalism- Manifest destiny and the Monroe Doctrine American Exceptionalism Josiah Strong + Ted Roosevelt Social Darwinism + imperialism War with Spain- obtained the Phillipeans, Caribbean Latin America- Panama Canal
65. America- Latin America and the Canal TC
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67. European Imperialism Location Method/Type Why did it happen this way Impact Africa Middle East China India Japan Latin America Pacific Berlin Conference Partition Colonized Colonized Partitioned between GB and Russia Spheres of Influence Econ. Imperialism Japan becomes an imperial nations Closed off by US Colonies