FA04 (S2) Environmental Science

1. FA04 (S2)Environmental Science Ms. Phillips

2. The water cycle is the ____. • the evaporation of water from Earth’s surface • distribution of drinking water on Earth • the recycling of water after industrial use • unending circulation of Earth’s water supply • none of the above Answer: unending circulation of Earth’s water supply

3. Plants release water into the atmosphere through a process called ____. • infiltration • precipitation • evaporation • transpiration • all of the above Answer: transpiration

4. The average annual precipitation worldwide must equal the quantity of water ____. • locked in glaciers • evaporated • infiltrated • transpired • all of the above Answer: evaporated

5. The ability of a stream to erode and transport material depends largely on its ____. • density • length • width • velocity • all of the above Answer: velocity

6. A natural levee is ____. • an erosional feature perpendicular to the stream channel • an erosional feature parallel to the stream channel • a depositional feature parallel to the stream channel • a depositional feature perpendicular to the stream channel • all of the above Answer: a depositional feature parallel to the stream channel

7. A floodplain forms where a stream ____. • cuts mainly side to side • cuts downward rapidly • carries no bed load • is far above its base level • none of the above Answer: cuts mainly side to side

8. One major cause of floods is ____. • light rain over a large area • a decrease in stream discharge • increased capacity of stream channels • rapid spring snow melt • all of the above Answer: rapid spring snow melt

9. Groundwater is found underground in the zone of ____. • saturation • aeration • soil • sediment • none of the above Answer: saturation

10. Which of the following is a measure of a material’s ability to transmit fluids through interconnected pore spaces? • porosity • competence • permeability • capacity • all of the above Answer: permeability

11. Springs form where ____. • groundwater sinks into the soil • there is no water table • flooding makes streams overflow their banks • the water table intersects the ground surface • none of the above Answer: the water table intersects the ground surface

12. When groundwater enters underground fractures or caverns in hot igneous rocks, where it is heated to boiling temperatures, what feature can form? • aquitard • sinkhole • geyser • spring • all of the above Answer: geyser

13. Which of the following is NOT a major source of groundwater pollution? • compost • pesticides • sewage • industrial chemicals • none of the above Answer: compost

14. A thick ice mass that forms over the land from the accumulation, compaction, and recrystallization of snow is a _____________. • drumlin • cirque • fjord • glacier • all of the above Answer: glacier

15. Currently, about what percent of Earth’s land surface is covered by glaciers? • 70% • 110% • 10% • 25% • 40% Answer: 10%

16. Which of the following is NOT true about glaciers? • They show evidence of past or present flow. • They form from the recrystallization of snow. • They originate on land. • They exist only in the Northern Hemisphere. • all of the above Answer: They exist only in the Northern Hemisphere.

17. During the most recent ice age, what percentage of Earth’s surface was covered by glaciers? • 10% • 30% • 75% • 90% • all of the above • Answer: • 30%

18. Which of the following features was formed by glacial erosion? • Navajo Lake • the Mississippi River • the Missouri River • the Great Lakes • the Basin and Range Answer: the Great Lakes

19. What force causes most of the erosion in desert areas? • fire • running water • gravity • ice • wind Answer: running water

20. Why can a heavy rain shower cause a large amount of erosion in a desert area? • There is a lack of vegetation to hold the soil in place. • Lizards don’t like water • Temperatures are very high. • Streams overflow easily. • Desert ground cannot absorb any water. Answer: There is a lack of vegetation to hold the soil in place.

21. What is the main type of weathering in deserts? • weathering by water • chemical weathering • weathering by organic acids • physical weathering • all of the above Answer: physical weathering

22. Abrasion changes the desert surface by ____. • creating pinnacles and narrow pedestals in the rock • creating blowouts • cutting and polishing exposed rock surfaces • depositing loess across the landscape • all of the above Answer: cutting and polishing exposed rock surfaces

23. Deflation affected the Dust Bowl in the 1930sby ____. • lowering the land • depositing coarse sand and gravel • building up sand dunes • creating rock pinnacles • all of the above Answer: lowering the land

24. Windblown silt that blankets a landscape is called ____. • loess • a blowout • desert pavement • a sand dune • none of the above Answer: loess

25. Over time, sand dunes tend to migrate ____. • in random directions • in the same direction as the wind blows • toward the wind • perpendicular to the movement of the wind • all of the above • Answer: • in the same direction as the wind blows

26. What is the salinity of seawater? • 75 percent • 10 percent • 5.5 percent • 3.5 percent • 1.5 percent Answer: 3.5 percent

27. Ocean salinity is usually expressed in ____. • chemical formulas • parts per thousand • love letters • parts per billion • charts Answer: parts per thousand

28. In addition to salinity, what factor affects the density of seawater? • boat size • latitude • temperature • depth • salt content • Answer: • temperature

29. Organisms that drift with ocean currents are called ____. • plankton • hitchhikers • benthos • nekton • photic Answer: plankton

30. What term describes organisms that live on or in the ocean floor? • pelagic • iguanas • benthos • nekton • plankton Answer: benthos

31. Marine organisms are classified according to how they ____. • live and move • move • live • eat • communicate Answer: live and move

32. How do animals survive in the deeper parts of the seafloor? • they vacation • They feed at the surface. • They photosynthesize. • They feed on each other. • none of the above Answer: They feed on each other.

33. Which ocean zone does sunlight penetrate? • time zone • neritic zone • aphotic zone • abyssal zone • photic zone Answer: photic zone

34. How is chemical energy transferred from algae to marine animals? • feeding • reproducing • swimming • none of the above • all of the above Answer: feeding

35. Which animal would have the greatest chance of survival? • one that ate a wide variety of prey • one that fed through a food chain • one that fed through a food web • both a and c • none of the above • Answer: • one that ate a wide variety of prey and one that fed through a food web • both a and c

36. Because of the Coriolis effect, ocean currents in the Northern Hemisphere are deflected to the __________. • north • south • left • right • all of the above Answer: right

37. Ocean currents that move toward the poles are ____. • cold • cold in the Northern Hemisphere and warm in the Southern Hemisphere • warm • warm in the Northern Hemisphere and cold in the Southern Hemisphere • none of the above • Answer: • warm

38. What is true about an ocean current that is moving toward the equator? • It is cold. • It is slow. • It is warm. • It is fast. • none of the above • Answer: • It is cold.

39. Which of the following is visible evidence of energy passing through water? • density tide • Coriolis effect • sea arch • wave • all of the above • Answer: • wave

40. The smallest daily tidal range occurs during which type of tide? • ebb tide • spring tide • neap tide • flood tide • none of the above Answer: neap tide

41. Which of the following is a tidal current? • neap tide • flood tide • spring tide • both a and c • none of the above • Answer: • both a and c

42. The accumulation of sediment found along the shore of a lake or ocean is called a ____. • dust bowl • neap tide • sea arch • longshorecurrent • beach Answer: beach

43. Wave impact and pressure cause ___________. • irritability • refraction • deposition • tides • erosion Answer: erosion

44. Waves in shallow water become bent and begin to run parallel to shore, a process known as ____. • relocation • oscillation • refraction • erosion • reflection Answer: refraction

45. Which of the following is a landform created by wave erosion? • breakwater • estuary • bomb shelter • tombolo • sea arch Answer: sea arch

46. Global winds move warm air toward the ____. • oceans • parking lot • equator • atmosphere • poles Answer: poles

47. What do plants release into the air during transpiration? • water vapor • insects • carbon dioxide • complex sugars • pollen Answer: water vapor

48. Which type of climate has no winters? • highland • dry • polar • humid tropical • none of the above Answer: humid tropical

49. Where are dry-summer tropical climates found in the United States? • Vermont • California • Texas • Arizona • Utah Answer: California

50. In dry climates, rates of evaporation exceed ____. • average temperatures • rates of precipitation • number of sunny days • rates of condensation • all of the above Answer: rates of precipitation