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Required Instruments (and what they tell us)

Required Instruments (and what they tell us). Instruments Required for Instrument Flight. DECKRAT D irectional gyro E lectrical source C lock with seconds displayed K olsman -sensitive altimeter R adios and navigation equipment, as required for the flight A ttitude indicator

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Required Instruments (and what they tell us)

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  1. Required Instruments(and what they tell us)

  2. Instruments Required for Instrument Flight • DECKRAT • Directional gyro • Electrical source • Clock with seconds displayed • Kolsman-sensitive altimeter • Radios and navigation equipment, as required for the flight • Attitude indicator • Turn coordinator with inclinometer)

  3. DECKRATDirectional Gyro / Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI) Heading bug Lubber Line 180° index – e.g, Where am I coming from Compass card adjustment knob Heading bug knob Compass card

  4. DECKRATDirectional Gyro

  5. DECKRATElectrical Source Most common electrical sources are a generator or alternator. Most modern light aircraft use alternators.

  6. DECKRATClock and Altimeter Must be checked every24 months

  7. DECKRATComm and Nav Radios Comm Radio Nav Radio

  8. DECKRATAttitude Indicator 10° 20° Pointer Bank Scale 30° 45° Pitch Scale 10° 5° 90° Level / Artificial Horizon Horizon Adjustment Knob

  9. DECKRATAutomatic Direction Indicator (ADI) Key difference is how the pointer works

  10. DECKRATTurn Coordinator

  11. IFR Instruments A C K R D T E DECKRAT

  12. VFR Day Instrument Requirements • A – airspeed indicator • T – tachometer (for each engine) • O – oil pressure gauge (for each engine using a pressure system) • M – manifold pressure gauge (for each altitude engine) • A – altimeter • T – temperature gauge (for each liquid cooled engine) • O – oil temperature gauge (for each air cooled engine) • F – fuel gauge • L – landing gear position indicator • A – anti collision lights (for aircraft certified after March 11th 1996) • M – magnetic compass • E – ELT • S – safety belts

  13. VFR Day Instrument Requirements A2 M2 A1 F O1 & 2 A3 T1 A Tomato Flames

  14. VFR Night Instrument Requirements • A TOMATO FLAMES plus FLAPS • F – fuses (one complete spare set) • L – landing light (only if you are flying for hire) • A – anti collision lights • P – position lights • S – source of electricity (alternator, generator)

  15. Instrument Errors • Gyroscopic Instruments • Precession - check with magnetic compass every 15 minutes and after aggressive maneuvers • Loss of vacuum or electrical power • Barometric Pressure Instruments • Temperature – Hot to cold, look out below • Should be within 75’ of field elevation • Altimeter delay in response • Magnetic compass • Deviation • Variation • Lead / lag (south leads) - “Overshoot when turning to South, undershoot when turning to North” • Acceleration errors - (On an east or west heading, ANDS: Accelerate turns to the North, Decelerate turns to the South)

  16. Questions

  17. Disclaimer • Instrument flight can be dangerous. Do not rely solely on this presentation – PROFESSIONAL INSTRUCTION IS REQUIRED • The foregoing material should not be relied upon for flight. • ALTHOUGH THE ABOVE INFORMATION IS FROM SOURCES BELIEVED TO BE RELIABLE SUCH INFORMATION HAS NOT BEEN VERIFIED, AND NO EXPRESS REPRESENTATION IS MADE NOR IS ANY TO BE IMPLIED AS TO THE ACCURACY THEREOF, AND IT IS SUBMITTED SUBJECT TO ERRORS, OMISSIONS, CHANGE.

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