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Grass weed management with IPM Denmark

Grass weed management with IPM Denmark. MODULE C17. Know your weeds – grass weeds. IPM measures for controlling winter annual grass weeds:. A healthy crop rotation Delayed sowing Optimal plant density Focused soil cultivation, including Stale seedbed Stubble cultivation Ploughing

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Grass weed management with IPM Denmark

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  1. Grass weed management with IPM Denmark MODULE C17

  2. Know your weeds – grass weeds IPM measures for controlling winter annual grass weeds: • A healthy crop rotation • Delayed sowing • Optimal plant density • Focused soil cultivation, including • Stale seedbed • Stubble cultivation • Ploughing • Glyphosate before sowing the main crop • Optimized use of herbicides IPM means that all plant protection measures have to be used wisely, otherwise problems like resistance may develop rapidly

  3. Importance of the crop rotation A varied crop rotation will be able prevent grass weeds - But remember economic sustainability! Example of crop rotation suggested by the ENDURE RA2.6 participants for use under northern European conditions on a pig producing farm Apera spica-venti (Loose Silky-bent) Alopecurus myosuroides (Black grass) Examples of grass weeds sensitive to a varied crop rotation

  4. Importance of the crop rotation The effect of a varied crop rotation: Crop rotation with 50 % cereals Crop rotation with 75 % cereals Broadleaved weeds Plants/m2 Apera spica-venti With weed control With weed control No weed control No weed control German experiments

  5. Sowing date Early sowing promotes grass weed infestation Amount of Alopecurus myosuroides in winter wheat at harvest as a function of the sowing time Plants/m2 Normal sowing Early sowing

  6. Soil management and grass weed seeds Combining soil cultivation and herbicides provides effective control of grass weeds: Amount of Apera spica-venti in a crop rotation with 80 % winter cereals Plants/m2 Ploughed Reduced cultivation No weed control 25 % normal doze 50 % normal doze 100 % normal doze

  7. Know your weeds – important differences Effective control is achieved through knowledge of the weed. (1): For climatic conditions similar to the Danish

  8. Special case– Bromussterilis Major reduction of seed bank without using herbicides

  9. Traits of the varieties Prioritized list for choice of winter cereal variety: Competition against weeds is not of highest importance when choosing variety! • Winter hardiness • Yield • Quality (fodder, grain etc.) • Risk of lodging • Tolerance towards diseases (varies among species) • Competition against weeds Use available information about the yield potential, disease resistance etc.

  10. Chemical weed control Yield increase from chemical weed control Apera spica-venti Poa annua & Dicot weeds Lolium sp. Dicot weeds Source: The Danish National Field Trials®2008

  11. Chemical weed control • Choose the right product for the right job! • Use as little as possible but as much as needed • Use Decision Support Systems where available, e.g. Crop Protection online: http://pvo.planteinfo.dk/cp/menu/menu.asp?id=demo&subjectid=1&language=en • It is a challenge to treat fields individually – where large – scale farming is an important parameter, it may e.g. be relevant to think about a basic- and advanced treatment • Divide e.g. the fields in groups according to problem • Consider margin and patch spraying in larger scale

  12. Prevention of resistance • Change between products with different modes of action • Avoid using Sulfunylurea-products more than once every growing season • Change between modes of action This wheat field was in the spring treated with 2 ALS-inhibiting herbicides: 110 g Broadway (florasulam+pyroxulam) and app. 0.1 l Iodosulfuron. Loliumperenne is still growing almost unaffected

  13. Dispersal of grass weed seeds • Through machinery • As the farms grow bigger, the machinery has to cover larger areas, and seeds are very likely to be spread • Therefore: remember proper hygiene • This means: • Harvest the infested fields last, whenever possible • Clean machinery when leaving an infested field • Keep a stable field margin with perennial herbs, to avoid weed infestations to spread from here

  14. Evaluation of the effort • Before harvest, make a field walk to: • Follow up on the crop protection performed through the season • Plan the strategy for the next season • Make/update the weed map • A good result starts with proper planning! • Weed map:

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