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Review. Lamarck V. Darwin Theories of Evolution. Use and disuse Organisms have a desire of something and can change traits Inheritance of Acquired Traits Tendency towards complexity and perfection Initially not much variation within a population Evolution = thousands of years.

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Review

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  1. Review Lamarck V. Darwin Theories of Evolution

  2. Use and disuse Organisms have a desire of something and can change traits Inheritance of Acquired Traits Tendency towards complexity and perfection Initially not much variation within a population Evolution = thousands of years Natural Selection Mutation  Variation in a population  environment selects “good” genes Can pass on traits if mutation is in DNA of sex cells Evolution requires millions of years DifferencesLamarck Darwin

  3. Use and Disuse Theory: if an organism wants something badly enough (desire), it can acquire a new trait by use or disuse.Inheritability of Acquired Traits = if an organism acquires (gets) a trait it did not have before, it can then pass the trait on to its offspring

  4. SimilaritiesLamarck and Darwin • Trying to answer the same question: How do populations change over time? • Agree that organisms change over time • Environment drives evolution of traits • Common descent

  5. Questions • Why was Lamarck incorrect? • Changing the phenotype does not change the genotype. • Variation already exists in populations from mutation • How can you pass on a trait caused from mutation? • Only if the mutation is in the DNA of the sex cells (sperm or eggs)

  6. HUMAN EVOLUTION

  7. Taxonomic Classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Hominidae (Hominids) Genus: Homo (humans), Pan (chimps), Gorilla (gorillas)

  8. Primates

  9. Primates • animals with five flexible fingers with an opposable thumb (include monkeys, apes, and humans) • Have binocular and color vision • Evolved about 35 million years ago • Human DNA and chimp DNA is 98.4% similar!!!

  10. Cladogram of Human Evolution

  11. THE GREAT APES Chimpanzee Bonobo Gorilla Orangutan Man’s Closest Living Relatives

  12. Evolutionary Origins of Humans

  13. HOMINIDShumans and their closest fossil relatives

  14. Skulls are evidence for human evolution

  15. A bonobo with bipedal locomotion.

  16. “Lucy” • The oldest hominid (3 myo) • Discovered by Johanson in 1974 in Ethiopia • About 3.5 ft tall / 62 lbs • Walked upright • Evidence that hominids walked upright before they evolved larger brains

  17. The First Humans

  18. The genus Homo evolved in Africa about 2 million years ago

  19. Darwin’s Explanation • How would Darwin explain the evolution of humans from a monkey ancestor? • Mutations produced variability in monkey populations  the environment selected those organisms that were best adapted (high fitness)  over millions of years and much change in the environment, humans evolved because they were the best adapted to the environment.

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