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Toxins Unit – Investigation 5

Toxins Unit – Investigation 5. Lesson 4: Mass Appeal. Admit Slip. The reaction given below produces the main substance found in human bones (calcium phosphate) 3 CaCl 2 + 2 Na 3 PO 4  Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 + 6 NaCl

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Toxins Unit – Investigation 5

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  1. Toxins Unit – Investigation 5 Lesson 4: Mass Appeal

  2. Admit Slip The reaction given below produces the main substance found in human bones (calcium phosphate) 3 CaCl2 + 2 Na3PO4 Ca3(PO4)2 + 6 NaCl • If you react 6 moles of CaCl2, how many moles of Ca3(PO)4 can you make? • If you react 10 moles of CaCl2, how many moles of NaCl will you make? Unit IV • Investigation III-X

  3. Big Question • What is stoichiometry and how can we use it?

  4. Objectives Students will be able to: • Define stoichiometry • Convert between moles of substances in balanced chemical equations. • Convert between the masses of substances in balanced chemical equations. Unit IV • Investigation III-X

  5. Agenda • Admit Slip • Notes and Example Problems • Worksheet • Exit Slip

  6. Notes Stoichiometry 3 / 15 / 10 Stoichiometry: Problems involving conversions between masses and moles of reactants and products. Unit IV • Investigation III-X

  7. Warm Up Question Before we jump back into mass, moles, and chemical equation, let’s think about a similar situation, with food. How about s’mores?

  8. S’mores Chemical Equation 2 Marshmallows + 3 Chocolate P. + 2 G. Crackers  1 S’more 2 M + 3C + 2G  M2C3G2

  9. S’mores Example Continued 2 M + 3 C + 2 G  M2C3G2 The mass of 1 piece of each ingredient (molar mass) is : 1 Marshmallow : 6 g 1 Chocolate Piece: 4 g 1 Graham Cracker: 7 g

  10. S’mores Example Continued 2 M + 3 C + 2 G  M2C3G2 1) How much does a s’more, M2C3G2 weigh? 2(6) + 3(4) + 2(7) = 38 g

  11. S’mores Example Continued 2 M + 3 C + 2 G  M2C3G2 2) If you have 15 pieces of chocolate, how many s’mores could you make? 15 C * 1 s’more / 3 C = 5 s’mores

  12. S’mores Example Continued 2 M + 3 C + 2 G  M2C3G2 3) If you have 24 g of marshmallows, how many s’mores could you make? 24 g M / 6 g = 4 M 4 M * 1 s’more / 2 M = 2 s’mores

  13. S’mores Example Continued 2 M + 3 C + 2 G  M2C3G2 • If you have 35 g of graham crackers, how many s’mores could you make? 35 g G / 7g = 5 G 5 G * 1 s’more / 2 G = 2.5 s’mores

  14. S’mores Example Continued 2 M + 3 C + 2 G  M2C3G2 5) If you have 76 g of s’mores, how many grams of chocolate would you need? 76 g s’mores / 38 g = 2 s’mores 2 s’mores * 3 C / 1 s’more = 6 C 6 C * 4g = 24 g chocolate

  15. (When we were converting between different ingredients, we were using a version of the mole ratio.) Mole ratio: The proportions in which two substances combine or form. N2 + 3 H2 2 NH3 ex: mole ratio of H2 to NH3 is Notes Unit IV • Investigation III-X

  16. Notes • You must use the mole ratio to convert from one substance to another in a chemical equation. N2 + 3 H2 2 NH3 • For a mole ratio, what you want to know goes on top of the fraction, and what you already know goes on the bottom. what you want what you know Unit IV • Investigation III-X

  17. Notes (cont.) Unit IV • Investigation III-X

  18. Example: How many grams of Ca(OH)2 can you make from 20 grams of NaOH through this reaction? CaCl2 + 2 NaOH  Ca(OH)2 + 2 NaCl (aq) The molar mass of NaOH is 23 + 16 + 1 = 40 g / mol 20 g NaOH / 40/mol = 0.5 mol NaOH 0.5 mol NaOH * = 0.25 mol Ca(OH)2 Unit IV • Investigation III-X

  19. Example continued: How many grams of Ca(OH)2 can you make from 20 grams of NaOH through this reaction? CaCl2 + 2 NaOH  Ca(OH)2 + 2 NaCl (aq) ? 0.25 mol Ca(OH)2 The molar mass of Ca(OH)2 is 40 + 32 + 2 = 74 g / mol 0.25 mol Ca(OH)2 * 74 g/mol = 18.5 g Ca(OH)2 Unit IV • Investigation III-X

  20. Exit slip Consider the following reaction: Mg (s) + 2 HCl (aq)  MgCl2 (aq) +H2( g) How many grams of magnesium, Mg, do you need to produce 190 g, of magnesium chloride, MgCl2? Unit IV • Investigation III-X

  21. How do you convert between grams and moles to determine the amount of product? In order to calculate the mass of reactant needed to make a certain mass of product it is necessary to convert mass to moles and then back again to mass. Mole ratios assist in converting back and forth between moles of reactant and product. Unit IV • Investigation III-X

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