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Chapter 4

Made by Ines Yoon 10-1. Chapter 4. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs. Autotrophs are living things that can live without feeding on other living things. In other words they do not have to eat to live. They make their own food. Example: Plants

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Chapter 4

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  1. Made by Ines Yoon 10-1 Chapter 4

  2. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs • Autotrophs are living things that can live without feeding on other living things. In other words they do not have to eat to live. They make their own food. • Example: Plants • Heterotrophs are living things that have to eat food to stay alive. They need nutrition from other living things. • Example-Animals, Humans , bacteria etc.

  3. ATP and ADP • ATP is short for adenosine triphosphate • ATP is store energy in a molecule • ADP is short for adenosine diphosphate • ADP is ATP after it has released energy. • ADP=ATP-energy • ATP=ADP+energy

  4. Vocabulary to know • Absorbing- to take in • Converting-changing • Photosynthesis-take in light energy and change it to ATP(stored energy) • Stomas-small openings in leaves • Chlorophyll- Chemical that make photosynthesis happen • Makes plants green • Lives in chloroplasts

  5. How does Photosynthesis happen? • Light-dependent phase: the sun or some source of light shines on the plant and the chlorophyll gathers/stores the light • -NADPH- chemicals that store light energy • Light-independent phase: the light is gone but the NADPH is taking carbon dioxide and making ATP and Oxygen. • Light independent phase • Dark phase • Calvin cycle • Carbon fixation cycle • These 4 are the same just different names

  6. C3 Pathway • C3 pathway- Calvin cycle for plants that live in hot/ dry places • Like a cactus • C3 pathway uses less water than a normal Calvin Cycle

  7. CAM and C4 pathway • CAM pathway is used by cactus, pineapple tree, other plants in hot and dry places. The stomas open at night and closes stomas during that day • C4 pathway fir plants that live in high Oxygen levels and low carbon dioxide. Stomas open only a little during the day and I wonder if you can eat it at night.

  8. Cellular Respiration • Cellular Respiration- changing cell food(sugar) into ATP (energy) [ done with mitochondria] • 2 kinds of Cellular respiration • 1. Aerobic Respiration-Oxygen used to change sugar to ATP, its good makes a little amount of trash. • 2, Anaerobic-oxygen is not used to change sugar to ATP, its bad , makes lot of trash.

  9. Metabolism • Metabolism- how much energy is needed to live. • Anabolism-building molecules and storing energy • Catabolism- breaking down molecules and release energy

  10. 3 Kinds of RNA • Messenger-RNA tells the cells what to do • Transfer RNA- get all the protein lined up properly • Ribosomal RNA- a part inside of a ribosome that helps breakdownproteins

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