Unit 1: European Discovery & Colonization

1. Unit 1: European Discovery & Colonization

2. Homework: • Imagine that you are the principal of a school and you just found out that there was a fight in the lunchroom during lunch. You’ve asked many students and teachers who witnessed the fight to write down what they saw and who they think started the fight. Unfortunately, you have received many conflicting accounts that disagree not only as to who started the fight, but also as to who was involved and when the fight even started. It’s important to remember that NO ONE is just plain lying.

3. Homework Questions (on a separate sheet) • Why would there be different stories of the event if no one is just plain lying? • What are the different types of people who might have seen this fight? (e.g., friends of those involved versus people who don’t know the kids who were fighting; those who were fighting versus those who were witnesses; adults versus kids) • What might make one person’s story more believable or plausiblethananother person’s?

4. Conquistadors & The Black Legend

5. Tools in the Historian’s Tool Belt Self-discipline Ability to work with others Ability to disagree peacefully with other peoples’ opinions Critical thinking Ability to present information

6. In The Beginning… • ________ (super continent) • 225,000,000 years ago • One landmass • Over time, continents start to separate apart from each other and oceans are formed • Proof of Pangea • _________________

7. Formation of North America • Mountain ranges formed before the splitting of Pangea • _______: 350 million • _______: 125 million • Ice Age • Glaciers covered Canada and as far South as PA, OH • Glaciers leave 10,000 years ago • Land is left how we know it • Melting glaciers form Great Lakes • Drained down Mississippi River

8. Peopling the Americas • ______________ • ________________________________________ • 54,000,000 people • Made it all the way into the bottom of South America • Main societies • _____________ • _____________ • _____________

9. Why did the Natives Settle Down? • ___________ • ___________________ • Important other crops would be _____ and ______ • Not very many _______________ • One reason the Europeans were able to take over • Populated areas were less scarce the more _____ you went

10. Who Was in Charge? • Located in northeastern woodlands • Closest thing to Aztecs in America • ________ Confederacy • Political institution of tribes that dominated the NE region • Ideas inspired Founding Fathers

11. How Was Native American Society Set Up? • Matrilineal • __________________________________________________________ • Loved nature and the physical world • Spiritual characteristics endowed to nature • Except for deer hunting • Everyone is so spread out that some areas were uninhabited when Europeans arrived • 4,000,000 people living in America in 1492

12. Why You Askin’ All Them Questions… • What was Pangea? • ______________________ • How did Native Americans get here? • ______________________ • Describe Native American settlements • ______________________ • Which was the most powerful tribe in America? • ______________________ • What does matrilineal mean? • ________________________

13. Why Did Europeans Start to Explore? • Norse Vikings accidentally discover North America around 1000 • Not supported by a nation so they didn’t settle • Crusades • ____________________________________________________ • Spices • Silk • Perfumes • Marco Polo, 1295 • Italian famous for his story of 20-year stay in China • Effect? • ________________________

14. Why Did Europeans Start to Explore? • Bringing over goods from Asia was ______________ • Long trip on camel/ships • Have to pay gangs to get through land • By the time they got to Europe they were too expensive to sell • Why Did Europeans start exploring? • ____________________________ • ___________ piques curiosity • New ideas • Printing press • More people are educated and doing research

15. ___________ Start the Trend • Develop the caravel a ship that can better overcome the winds and currents • Creep down ___________ • Dias goes around the tip of Africa • De Gama goes around Africa to get to India • Set up trading posts for _____ and _______ • Arabs and Africans already doing it • 40,000 slaves taken to work in Portuguese plantations in 1500s • Start of the __________ system • Portugal is the first exploring and naval power…Spain is jealous

16. Spain • Spain starts to unify and get power • Marriage of Ferdinand and Isabelle • They drive out the __________ • Why does it matter? • ______________________________________ • Spain starts to look west because Portugal runs Africa

17. Makin’ Statements • @Montezuma This food is great and we don’t have to go anywhere! #aMAIZEing • @FredFlintstone are we there yet? #Hungry #RunningOnEmpty • @Ratonhnhaké:ton Who is in charge here? #Confederacy • @Fergy&Izzy

18. The World’s Most (in)Famous Man • Persuaded Ferdinand and Isabella to give him money & ships to sail west • Mutinies on the way • October 2, 1492 they sight an island in the Bahamas • Thought he was in India…hence the term “Indians”

19. The ___________ Exchange • The process where goods, livestock, agriculture, diseases were exchanged between the Natives and Columbus • Europeans get ________ • Potatoes, beans, tomatoes, etc. • 3/5 of crops originated in Americas • Fuels ______________ • Why? • _____________________ • Natives get ______________ & _______________

20. Assuming • Small pox was devastating for the Native Americans because… • Portugal & Spain are both Catholic countries, what should the Pope do to avoid conflict?

21. Negatives of Columbus • Virgin soil epidemic • Why would this occur? • Natives not exposed at all to European disease • Small pox • Yellow fever • Malaria • 90% of Native Americans perish

22. The New World Order: • Triangle trade • Europe:__________________ • Africa: ____________________ • Americas: __________________

23. Why Kings are Kindergarteners • Treaty of Tordesillas • From the Pope • ________________________________________________ • Spain sends explorers • Magellan • De Leon • Pizzaro • Conquered the Incas in Peru • De Soto • Extremely cruel • Coronado • Discovered the Grand canyon

24. Spain is the S@#$ • Starts to dominate the colonization in the 1500s • Conquistadors • Spanish army • Old Crusaders who take their job to the Americas • Why? • _________________________ • Uses bases in West Indes to explore America • Set up encomienda system • ___________________________ • Once Native Americans start dying out Spain turns to _________ for labor

25. Spain Takes Mexico • Hernan Cortez • 11 ships & 16 horses • Several hundred men • He hears of gold stored up in Tenochtitlan so he wants to go there • Meets Aztec chief, _______ who gives the Europeans gifts • Why? • _______________________ • Eventually Spaniards want the gold so they attack in June 1520 • Take over in August of 1521 • Same time as a _______________ • Population of Mexico goes from 20 million to 2 million in less than 100 years

26. So What? • Spaniards bring European religion and customs to Americas • ____________ • _____________ • ______________ • Put Native Americans into missions where they teach them religion as well as other skills • Some rebelled • _________________________

27. What Impact did Spain Have? • Misdeeds • Example? ____________ • Large empire from Florida to California • Input culture, laws, religions • Laid the foundations for many Spanish-speaking nations

28. Why Did We Go to That Field Trip in Elementary School? • Other countries start to send people over • Cabot (England) • Northern US • Cartier (France) • Canada • Spain starts __________ • St. Augustine • Keep lanes to ________ open • Texas • To protect against the French

29. Askin’ All Them Questions • What was Pangea? • Berengia? • Why did Europeans start to explore? • What events led them to that? • What nation started exploring first? Where did they settle? • Why did Spain head west? • What were some effects of Columbus’ arrival? • Virgin soil epidemic • What is the Triangle Trade?

30. Who’s Guilty? • Pick one of the following and write an 1 introductory-style paragraph that charges your subject with the murder of the Taino Indians • Christopher Columbus • Ferdinand & Isabella • Columbus’ men • The Taino people • Due on Monday 8/19 • Helpful materials will be posted on the website • Use writing instructions handout to help structure your paragraph

31. John Green Crash Course #1:The Black Legend, Native Americans, & the Spanish • What traps do Eurocentric historians fall into? • Give an example of how that is shown • Describe the historical significance of the art on the chalk board • What does John Green think is the “real fountain of youth” • What truth does the Mystery Document highlight? • Does John get it right? • What is the Black Legend? • What is the double-side of it?

32. The Story Disney didn’t tell You:The Chesapeake Colonies

33. Askin’ All Them Questions • What was the virgin soil epidemic? • How did people get here? What made them settle down? • What was the Treaty of Tordesillas? • Who was Hernan Cortez? • What was the most powerful Native group in present-day USA? • Why did Europeans venture out?

34. England • Henry VIII broke with the ________ church and founded the ______ church • AKA “Church of England” • Increases the rivalry with Spain • Tried to help Ireland rebel • Protestantism becomes dominant in England in 1558 with Queen Elizabeth

35. The Spanish Death Star • Elizabeth encourages British ships to pirate Spanish ships • Buccaneers • Sir Francis Drake, “Sea Dog” • Sir Walter Raleigh • ______________________ • The Death Star of the Spanish empire • Fleet of 130 ships • Sent in English channel to go after English bucs • Storm, “Protestant wind,” scatters fleet • _______ English ships out maneuver and sink Armada

36. Downton Shabby: Why English Started to Leave • Now, England is ready to colonize because of Armada • _____________________ • Signed a peace treaty with Spain • Sense of unity and national destiny • Reasons to explore • ______________ movement • ____________________ • Religious persecution • Adventure & Fortune • Primogeniture • ______________________

37. Assuming… • Why is the sinking of the Spanish Armada a big deal? • Why are there sea monsters on this map?

38. Jamestown, May 1607 • Planted by the Virginia Company • A _________ company • _________________________________________________________ • Given a royal charter by James I

39. I Wanna Know Where the Gold At! • Many of the settlers were not used to caring for themselves • Wasted time looking for gold • Cavaliers • Not supposed to be permanent • Evidence? • __________________ • Many died from disease or malnutrition

40. Jamestown’s Hero • John Smith’s Rule • ______________________ • Trueness of Pocahontas? • Appears in John Smith’s diary • Why would he put it in there? • Starving time, Winter of 1609 • 60/400 survive • Many have to eat anything that is left around • Cannibalism

41. America: The Story of Us

42. The Natives Became Restless • Powhatan • Alliance of tribes in Virginia • Not as powerful as _____ Confederacy • Engage in several wars with the English settlers • Successful in killing a lot of English settlers • 3 Ds of why Powhatans (and most other Natives) became nearly extinct • _______________ • ________________ • _________________

43. Virginia’s Real Hero… • John ________(Pocahontas’ real husband) • Perfected the method of growing ___________ • From time in Caribbean • Causes a rush in Virginia and Old World for tobacco • Tobacco promotes • Plantation system • An increase in demand for? • _________ • _________

44. Who’s Going to Work the Fields? • Native Americans • Indentured Servants • ___________________ • Slavery • Starts in 1619 • Takes off because _______________________________________ • By 1700, Africans make up 14% of Virginia’s population

45. Who Makes the Rules? • Virginia (London) Company allowed colonists to summon an assembly • H__________ of _____________ • Significance • ____________________________________________ • King James I didn’t trust the HOB so he made VA a royal colony • Under his control • HOB still met but had limited powers

46. Making Statements • @Jtown No work, no eat #sorrynotsorry • @Rolfe Drink a little drink, smoke a little smoke • @Mario That isn’t fair, I have to go out on my own now • @EngBucs We’re coming for you #EmpireDeathMarch • Tweet of your own:

47. The Other Chesapeake Colony • Founded by Lord Baltimore, a recent Catholic convert • Wanted to make money • Have a safe place for ___________ • Economy is the same as Virginia’s • Tobacco • Indentured servants then slavery

48. Maryland is Tolerant (sort of) • Influx of Protestants into Maryland • Worried that Catholics would start to become prosecuted • Act of Toleration • _________ are allowed to worship how they see fit

49. Other Southern Colonies • Carolinas • South Carolina • Rice plantations • Indigo • Wealthy, established landowners • Primogeniture • North Carolina • Squatters from both South Carolina and Virginia • People like the ones who participated in Bacon’s Rebellion • Separates from SC in 1712 • Georgia • Founded by Oglethorpe • Why? • __________________ • __________________

50. Askin’ All Them Questions • What was the Act of Toleration? • Three Ds of Native American Destruction • Describe labor evolution for Virginia/Maryland • What was the staple crop? • What was the Spanish Armada? • Martilineal • Why did Europeans start exploring? • What event caused the Europeans to desire goods? • Why did Spain unite? • Why did they give money to Columbus?