Read “The Storyteller”: on Pg. 71. How did the defeat of the Spanish Armada impact England’s attempt at colonization?

1. Warm-up 10/11 • Read “The Storyteller”: on Pg. 71. How did the defeat of the Spanish Armada impact England’s attempt at colonization? • PUT A DIVIDER IN YOUR NOTEBOOK AND PUT THIS AFTER THE DIVIDER. WE ARE STARTING A NEW UNIT

2. Unit 2 Colonial Settlement

3. Chapter 3 Colonial America 1587-1770

4. War between England and Spain • Attacks on Spanish forts by Sir Frances Drake infuriated King Phillip of Spain. • Spain sent the Spanish Armada, the most powerful navy in the world at the time to conquer England. • England's smaller, faster ships outsmarted the large powerful Spanish ships, and the fleet was defeated.

5. Effects of the Victory • Spain no longer controlled the seas, which opened the way for England to openly attempt colonizing America. • England and other European nations could now claim colonies in the Americans. • Humphrey Gilbert claimed Newfoundland for Queen Elizabeth. He died at sea looking for a suitable colony.

6. Roanoke • Sir Walter Raleigh was sent to the Americas looking for a place to settle, and found Roanoke Island, off the coast of North Carolina. • He returned and spread word of an island that was good for farming and the people were “gentle, loving, and faithful.”

7. Roanoke • In 1585, Raleigh sent about 100 men to settle on Roanoke Island. After a difficult winter, the colonists returned to England • In 1587, Raleigh tried again sending 91 men, 17 women, and 9 children. John White, a mapmaker led the group. • This group too had difficulties. White returned to England to get supplies. He planned on being gone three months, but due to war with Spain it lasted 3 years.

8. Roanoke • When White returned the island was deserted. The only clue was the word Croatoan on the gatepost. Croatoan was an island 100 miles south. • Bad weather kept White from investigating, the colony was never heard from again.

9. Jamestown • The idea of settlement came back about 20 years later. • Merchants looked for Charters, or the right to organize a settlement in the area from King James I. • The Virginia Company from England was a Joint Stock Company, where investors bought stock, or part ownership of a company, in return for a share of the profits

10. Jamestown • The company sent 144 settlers in 3 ships to America to look for gold and set up trade in fish and furs • 40 died along the voyage • The settlers entered the Chesapeake Bay and then sailed up a river flowing into the bay. They named the river James and the colony Jamestown, after the king.

11. Pro’s Built on a peninsula to prevent Native American attack. Con’s Swampland Mosquitoes carrying malaria (deadly disease). Lacked good farmland Surrounded by Native American Settlements Jamestown

12. Jamestown colonists • Many Colonists never experienced hard labor • Settlers searched for gold and silver instead of growing food • Disease and hunger devastated the colonists • In January 1608, when additional men and supplies arrived only 38 men remained alive.

13. Jamestown’s leader • Captain John Smith, a soldier, arrived in 1608. • Smith forced the people to work the fields, and convinced the Powhatan people to give them corn. • Smith was replaced the following year with a harsh governor named Lord De La Warr.

14. More Problems • The winter of 1609-1610 was extremely harsh • The people had to feed on their animals • They started with horses and other large beasts, but eventually had to eat dogs, cats, rats, and mice to survive. • Trouble also broke out with the Native Americans, and 300 hungry colonists were barricaded in their walls. • When more settlers arrived in May, only 60 settlers were still alive.

15. Tobacco Saves us all!!! Seriously • Popularity was growing in Europe, even though many found smoking disgusting • John Rolfe learned to grow a type of tobacco that was less bitter. • Soon every farmer in Jamestown was growing tobacco, and many people were now coming to Jamestown • Rolfe married Pocahontas, the daughter of Chief Powatan, and relations with Native Americans improved.

16. Representative Government • People were getting sick taking orders from the Virginia Company (Still in England) • Sir George Yeardley took over as Governor, and ended military rule. • Yeardley allowed the men to elect representatives called Burgesses to an assembly. This assembly made the laws for the colony. • The House of Burgessesmet for the first time in a church in Jamestown in 1619.

17. New Arrivals in Jamestown • In 1619, the Virginia company sent 100 women to Jamestown. The leaders believed families were important to build a good colony. • Colonists who wanted to marry a women had to pay a fee of 120 pounds of tobacco. • Men still outnumbered women, but marriage and children became common in Virginia.

18. Other New Arrivals in Jamestown • Another ship in 1619 brought 20 Africans who were sold to Virginia planters for labor. • These first Africans may have come as servants, who would work for a set period of time then be free, rather than slaves. • Until 1640 Africans laborers in Jamestown were free and even owned property. William Tucker, the first black man born in America was a free man. • However, by 1661, with the demand for tobacco and other crops growing, slavery was accepted into Virginia law.

19. The King Takes Over • In 1624, the King of England cancelled the Virginia Company’s charter and took control of the colony, making it England’s first royal colony in America.

20. Warm-up 10/16/07 • What does it mean to be persecuted? How would you react to this?

21. Section 2: New England Colonies

22. Section 2: New England Colonies • Captain John Smith explored and mapped the coast of New England. • The area was renamed Plymouth • Unlike Jamestown and the Spanish colonies, these people did not travel to America for riches.

23. Religion in England • The main church in England was the Protestant Anglican Church • Many people dissented or disagreed with the beliefs and practices of the Anglicans • English Catholics were persecuted , or treated harshly for their belief that the pope was the head of the church, not the English monarch.

24. Protestants in England • Protestants, a major religion in England, were divided • Some wanted to reform, or change the Anglican church, others wanted to break away from it altogether • People that wanted to reform the church were called Puritans • People who wanted to break away from it completely were called separatists.

25. Separatists • The Separatists were persecuted in England, some fled to the Netherlands • Many did not want to go to the Netherlands, although they accepted them religiously many feared their children would lose their English heritage. • Where could they go to escape England?

26. Separatists ctd… • The Separatists made an agreement with the Virginia Colony that they could go to Virginia and practice their religion freely, in return for profits they made. • These separatists called themselves Pilgrims, because their journey had a religious purpose. • In September 1620, only 35 of 102 passengers who boarded the Mayflower were pilgrims. The others were servants, craftsman, and poor farmers.

27. Group Time • I will now assign you into three groups • One group will represent puritans, one group will represent separatists, and one group will represent pilgrims. • Be ready to answer the following questions (Use pg. 78): • 1. How do I feel about the Anglican Church in England • 2. What do I intend to do about my situation with the Church. • 3. How do I feel (I mean really deep down).

28. The Mayflower’s Journey • The pilgrims planned to settle in the Virginia Colony. • They were forced to land in Cape Cod, because it was November and winter was near. • They landed in December 1620 at Plymouth

30. Mayflower Compact • Since they landed at Plymouth, they were outside of the laws and territory of the Virginia Company • The Mayflower Compact pledged loyalty to England and declared their intention of forming a “Civil body politic, for our better ordering and preservation”. • The signers promised to obey laws for the general good of the colony.

31. Rough First Winter • Their first winter in America, almost half of the pilgrims died of malnutrition, disease, and cold. • In the Spring, Native Americans approached the settlement. • Squanto and Samoset, two Native Americans befriended the colonists. Squanto was kidnapped by an English ship captain earlier and learned English.

32. Native American Help • Native Americans taught the Pilgrims how to grow crops (corn, beans, and pumpkins). • They also taught the Pilgrims where to hunt and fish. • Squanto and Samoset helped the Pilgrims make a peaceful treaty with the Wampanoag people who lived in the area.

33. Feast • In autumn of 1621, the Pilgrims invited the Native Americans to celebrate peace between the two sides. • The Pilgrims were happy to be raising food. • During this feast between the two groups, the pilgrims thanked God for the harvest and their survival. • This feast was known as the first Thanksgiving

34. Massachusetts Bay Colony • Meanwhile back in England…… • The English throne passed to Charles I. Charles objected to Puritans’ calls for reform in the Anglican Church, and he increased persecutions. • The puritans looked for a way to leave England. • In 1628 they formed the New England Company and received a royal charter to establish the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

35. Thursday Warm-up 10/18 • Which people founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony and why did they leave England?

36. Massachusetts Bay Ctd… • This was the Puritans chance to create a new society in America, based on their own beliefs. • John Winthrop became the colonies governor, and led 1,000 men, women, and children in 11 ships to Massachussetts Bay. Most of them settled in a place they called Boston. • Their settlement would be a model for other Christian colonies to follow

37. More people leave England • During the 1630’s religious persecution and economic hard times in England drove more than 15,000 puritans to journey to Massachusetts. This is called the Great Migration • People decided that every adult male that owned land could vote for their governor and other representatives to the General Court.

38. Intolerance • The Puritans left England to escape religious persecution • The Puritans however, had little tolerationor they criticized and persecuted people with different religious views. • This lack of toleration led to the creation of more colonies.

39. Connecticut • The Connecticut river was better for farming than the land around Boston • Thomas Hooker, a minister, became dissatisfied with Massachusetts, and did not like the way John Winthrop ran the colony. • He led a group through the wilderness and set up the town of Hartford. Three years later, two other towns, Windsor and Wethersfield agreed to form a colony. • They created the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, the first constitution of America.

40. Rhode Island • Rhode Island was settled by colonists who were forced out of Massachusetts. • Roger Williams, a minister, felt people should be free to follow any religion. • He felt government and church should be separate. He also felt colonists should not take land away from Native Americans

41. Roger Williams • His ideas disturbed leaders of Massachusetts. Williams left before they could banish him back to England. • He took refuge with the Wampanoag people, and eventually bought land from them. • He later named the site Providence

42. Roger Williams • He received a charter in 1644 for a colony east of Connecticut called Rhode Island. • With its policy of tolerating religion, Rhode Island became a center for all faiths, where they could worship freely. • Others followed Williams’ example. John Wheelwright in 1638 led a group from Massachusetts north. There he founded the town of Exeter in New Hampshire.

43. Anne Hutchinson • Hutchinson came to Massachusetts with her husband in 1634. She started having religious meetings in her home in Boston in 1634. • She questioned the religious authority of the colony’s masters. • She thought women should have more power

44. Hutchinson Ctd…. • Puritans were shocked to hear a woman state her ideas so boldly • He was seen as a danger, and was put on trial for heresy. • She had a good knowledge of religion, but nevertheless was found guilty and kicked out of the colony. • Her and her family moved to Rhode Island

45. What about Native Americans? • There was a sharp decline in population • In 1600, there were about 100,000 Native Americans living in New England. • By 1675, only 10,000 survived • Diseases, not war killed many. Chicken Pox, Small Pox, measles, and other European diseases struck them. The Native Americans had no defense for them.

46. Native American Wars with Settlers • The Pequot War in 1637 was between people in Connecticut and the Pequot people. • Colonists hated how the Pequot would trade with other groups, such as the Netherlands • The worst attack was committed by the English, who surrounded a Pequot village and set fire to it. • As the village went up in flames, the English killed natives trying to escape

47. King Philip’s War • Metacomet, the chief of the Wampanoag was known to settlers as King Phillip. • He resented the expansion of settlers, and started killing English who were advancing onto their land. They killed several thousand settlers in three years. • The settlers allied with the Mohawk Indians years later. The Mohawk attacked and ambushed the Wampanoag villages, killing Metacomet and ending the war. • Colonists were able to expand their settlements

48. Warm-up 10/22 • Look at the Map on Pg. 85. What were the four middle colonies? What geographic feature made Philadelphia and New York City centers for trade?

49. Section 3: Middle Colonies

50. Section 3: Middle Colonies • In 1660 England had two areas of colonies in America. • They had the New England Colonies (Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire. • They had the Southern Colonies, (Maryland, Virginia). • Between the two groups were land controlled by the Dutch (Netherlands).