Quoting, Paraphrasing and Yes, More Summarizing

1. February 11, 2013 Quoting, Paraphrasing and Yes, More Summarizing

2. For Today • Quoting • Paraphrasing • Summary (review) • Activity Pt 1 :Applying Quoting, Paraphrasing & Summarizing • Activity Pt 2: Ranking Annoyances

3. Why Use These in Your Writing? • Offer support to your argument. • Provides examples of several points of view. • Calls attention to the position you are agreeing/disagreeing with. • Highlight an interesting or profound passage, phrase or sentence by quoting the original. • Expand the depth of your writing.

4. Quotations • A quotation is a reprint of an author’s words. • Quote directly when the exact wording of a source is crucial: • When the language is especially powerful or meaningful • - including specific or original terms • When the author is an authority whose expertise supports your position • When you want to allow the author to speak in his or her own words • Quotations should remain in their original form. (The quotes indicate to the reader that the text has not been changed).

5. Quotations cont. • Quotes must include identical words, phrasing, and punctuation: • Use brackets ([ ]) to indicate insertions. • Original: “They were unable to prove their hypothesis.” • Insertion: “[The biologists] were unable to prove their hypothesis.” • You should use brackets sparingly. Brackets are typically used when we need to match the tense or pronoun in the text the quote is being integrated into.

6. Quotations cont. • If the quote you are using is longer than four lines (not sentences), set it off in a block format: • In his memoir, Stephen King describes his first encounter with authorship: • I remember an immense feeling of possibility at the idea, as if I had been ushered into a vast building filled with closed doors and had been given leave to open any I liked. There were more doors than one person could ever open in a lifetime. (41) • The block formatting replaces the need for quotation marks. • Use block quotes sparingly.

7. Paraphrasing A paraphrase is a restatement of an author’s idea put into your own words. • A paraphrase is typically used when a direct quote doesn’t work within your text—that is, stating it in your words just works better. • Even though you are using your own words, it is still necessary to cite your source.

8. Paraphrase Practice & Example ORIGINAL • Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes. • - Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47 ACCEPTABLE PARAPHRASE: • In research papers students often quote excessively, failing to keep quoted material down to a desirable level. Since the problem usually originates during note taking, it is essential to minimize the material recorded verbatim (Lester 46-47). UNACCEPTABLE PARAPHRASE: • Students often use too many direct quotations when they take notes, resulting in too many of them in the final research paper. In fact, probably only about 10% of the final copy should consist of directly quoted material. So it is important to limit the amount of source material copied while taking notes.

9. Summaries (A Brief Review) Summaries highlight significant issues or points made within a text, however, they do not include: • anecdotes • digressions • elaborations To write a good summary, you have to distinguish between the essential points and the nonessential points. As With Quotes and Paraphrases, A Citation is Still Required

10. Summary Example ORIGINAL • Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes. • - Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47. ACCEPTABLE SUMMARY: • Students should take just a few notes in direct quotation from sources to help minimize the amount of quoted material in a research paper (Lester 46-47).

11. Your Task Pt. I • Read the passage on the hand out and complete instructions 1-3. Please use a separate sheet of paper.

12. Your Task Pt. II • In groups, rank the annoyances from least to most annoying—that is, which do you find to be least problematic? The most? In between? Be prepared to explain your decision. *From Kyle D. Stedman’s “Annoying Ways People Use Sources”

13. Closing Reflection • When do you think is the best time to use a quote? Paraphrase? Summary? • What are the strengths and weaknesses of each type of method? *You should be writing at least a ½ of a page.

14. Works Cited • Blau, Susan and Kathryn Burak. Writing in the Works. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, • 2007. Print. 41-49. • Anker, Susan. Real Essays. 2nd Edition. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2006. Print. • 306-308. • Ede, Lisa. The Academic Writer. Boston: Bedford/St Martin’s, 2011. Print. 194-198. • “Quoting Quick Sheet.” Kelli Halsten. • “Paraphrasing.” Purdue OWL. Adapted from Amy Peterslie

15. Homework & Reminders • Peer-Review Day Wednesday: Email Draft 1 of Assignment 2 by start of class & bring a copy (or your computer). You Will Be Asked to Leave Class If You Do Not Bring Your Paper. • Extra Credit Due by 10p Friday • Office Hours: Today 1-3 Avery 342 (or by appointment) • Before handing any work in please make sure your name is on it