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Prof. Hans Crijns Vlerick Leuven Gent Management School

Directorate Enterprise. Entrepreneurship ranking 2007. Prof. Hans Crijns Vlerick Leuven Gent Management School. Agenda. ECER Stakeholders presentation Objectives of the ECER 2007 ranking ECER 2007 survey Results ECER 2007 ranking Comments. Gathering opportunities.

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Prof. Hans Crijns Vlerick Leuven Gent Management School

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  1. Directorate Enterprise Entrepreneurship ranking 2007 Prof. Hans Crijns Vlerick Leuven Gent Management School

  2. Agenda • ECER Stakeholders presentation • Objectives of the ECER 2007 ranking • ECER 2007 survey • Results ECER 2007 ranking • Comments

  3. Gathering opportunities • For most of European cities, start-up development is an indicator of the economic dynamism • Several rankings and publications mix • Demand for focused benchmarking on an international scale Stakeholders presentation

  4. Cfr.GEM Conceptual Model • General National • Framework • Conditions • Openness (External Trade) • Government (Extent,Role) • Financial Markets (Efficiency) • Technology, R&D (Level, Intensity) • Infrastructure (Physical) • Management (Skills) • Labor Markets (Flexible) • Institutions (Unbiased, Rule of Law) Major Established Firms (Primary Economy) Micro, Small, and Medium Firms (Secondary Economy) National Economic Growth (GDP,Jobs) Social, Cultural, Political Context • Entrepreneurial • Framework • Conditions • Financial • Government Policies • Government Programs • Education & Training • R&D Transfer • Commercial, Legal Infrastructure • Internal Market Openness • Access to Physical Infrastructure • Cultural, Social Norms Entrepreneurial Opportunities Business Churning Entrepreneurial Capacity - Skills - Motivation

  5. Geographic and economic representativeness • Based on the Cushman & Wakefied real estate ranking • Top 25 European cities • The most attractive and dynamic cities in Europe • Capitals • A total of 21 cities studied by the same modalities, for an • European coverage • economic coherence • European cities represented • >5 millions inhabitants • <5 to >2.5 million inhabitants • <2.5 to >1 million inhabitants Objectives of the ECER 2007 ranking

  6. ECER 2007 initiated by • Partners Directorate Enterprise • Survey conception and operation Stakeholders presentation

  7. Excellence and scientific credibility David SmallboneKingston University President ECSB UK Nadine LevrattoCNRS, ENS, OCDE France Hans CrijnsVlerick Leuven Gent Management School Belgique André JoyalUniversité Québec Trois-Rivières Canada Olivier TorresUniversité de Montpellier et EM Lyon France Laura GaillardUniveristé de BOCCONI Italie Olivier CrevoisierUniversité de Neuchâtel Suisse • A Scientific Committee • academic experts in the field of entrepreneurship • on a European and global level • An independent board from reference networks • ECSB - European Council for Small Business • AIREPME - Association Internationale de Recherche en Entrepreneuriat et PME) Rigour – Credibility – Integrity Objectives of the ECER 2007 ranking

  8. ECER 2007 ranking survey: Framework • Entrepreneurship is a proximity phenomenon • The rise of local authorities • At the level of towns / cities: the issue of support and financing of the enterprise project • The ECER 2007 survey is based on • Recent entrepreneurship in main European cities • Questioning grouped into five broad themes • Measuring satisfaction with the importance Objectives of the ECER 2007 ranking

  9. ECER 2007 thematic covering • Thematic covering of the main services provided • Promotion and accessibility to the entrepreneurship • Ante-creation support and services • Post-creation support and services • Financing and monetary aids dedicated to the creators • Economic environment, market, infrastructure and quality of life • Expectations are classified on 2 main criteria's • The importance of the subject for the entrepreneurs • The entrepreneurs’ satisfaction • Impact level crosses satisfaction with the expectations Representative - Accurate ECER 2007 survey organization

  10. ECER 2007 General ranking (21 cities on 5 themes) Cities in ECER 2007 ranking ECER 2007 ranking 5 themes 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Rank GOTHENBURG 1 GOTHENBURG 1 STOCKHOLM 2 STOCKHOLM 2 BIRMINGHAM 3 BIRMINGHAM 3 AMSTERDAM 4 AMSTERDAM 4 LONDON 5 LONDON 5 GENEVA 6 GENEVA 6 BRUSSELS 7 BRUSSELS 7 VARSAW 8 VARSAW 8 BERLIN 9 BERLIN 9 LYON 10 LYON 10 LILLE 11 LILLE 11 12 FRANKFURT FRANKFURT 12 13 MUNICH MUNICH 13 14 BARCELONA BARCELONA 14 15 MADRID 15 MADRID 16 PORTO 16 PORTO 17 17 MILAN MILAN 18 18 MARSEILLE MARSEILLE 19 19 ROMA ROMA 20 20 LISBON LISBON 21 21 PARIS PARIS Results ECER 2007 ranking

  11. ECER 2007: 5 themes synthesis max 100 AMSTERDAM (4) GOTHENBURG (1) BARCELONA (14) BERLIN (9) BIRMINGHAM (3) STOCKHOLM (2) 63 BIRMINGHAM (3) BRUSSELS (7) AMSTERDAM (4) FRANKFURT BRUSSELS GENEVA (6) GOTHENBURG (1) BERLIN 58 LILLE (11) GENEVA LONDON (5) LISBON (20) LONDON (5) VARSAW FRANKFURT LYON (10) Satisfaction 53 LYON MADRID (15) LILLE BARCELONA MARSEILLE (18) MILAN MILAN (17) PORTO MUNICH MUNICH (13) MADRID PARIS (21) MARSEILLE 48 PORTO (16) ROMA (19) LISBON ROMA PARIS STOCKHOLM (2) VARSAW (8) 43 Importance • max 100 49 54 59 64 69 ECER 2007 General ranking on 21 cities Results ECER 2007 ranking

  12. First Results – Observations – Interpretations • Observations • Geografic effect • Duality mégapoles (5) /métropoles (16) • Difference between • expectations • perception • Interpretations • Dynamics effect • Size effect of the cities • Socio-culturel effect Résultats du Classement ECER 2007

  13. ECER 2007: Results by cities ECER 2007 : GOTHENBURG 80 POST-CREATION 70 PROMOTION ENVIRONMENT ANTE-CREATION 60 FINANCING Satisfaction 50 40 30 Importance PROMOTION 40 50 60 70 80 ANTE-CREATION POST-CREATION FINANCING ENVIRONMENT GOTHENBURG: N° 1 GOTHENBURG: • Good position • Promotion • Post-creation • Environment • Position to enhance • Ante-creation • Financing • GOTHENBURG: reorganization and voluntarism • Coherent politics of entrepreneurshipdevelopment • Inciting base relayed by educational system and support to the creation • Ambitious development objectives after shipyards closing Results ECER 2007 ranking

  14. ECER 2007: Results by cities ECER 2007: PARIS 80 70 60 PROMOTION ENVIRONMENT Satisfaction 50 ANTE-CREATION POST-CREATION 40 FINANCING 30 Importance 40 50 60 70 80 PROMOTION ANTE-CREATION POST-CREATION FINANCING ENVIRONMENT PARIS: N° 21 PARIS: Themes dispersion • Good position • Ante-creation • Environment • Promotion • Position to enhance • Post-creation (low importance) • Financing (strong dissatisfaction) • PARIS: “Capital” effect ! • Good satisfaction level on promotion, ante-creation and environment • Difficulties on post-creation and financing support • Dispersion effect caused by size and actors multiplicity sometimes hard to localize* Results ECER 2007 ranking

  15. Next steps • Final report ECER 2007 forecast in January 2008 • Preparing ECER 2008 • Complementing methodology • Extension to new cities and communication ECER 2008 : Partnership, diffusion and media coverage

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