N. Austin 11 th English

1. ERNEST HEMINGWAY N. Austin 11th English

2. Meet Mr. Hemingway • Ernest Miller Hemingway was born in 1899. • He was born in Oakpark, Illinois, the son of a middle-class doctor and a musical mother.

3. Meet Mr. Hemingway • He loved the outdoors: fishing, hunting, and all sports including football and boxing.

4. TEENAGE YEARS • As a teenager, Hemingway volunteered for war work and was wounded on the Italian front in 1918, (World War 1). This was the basis for his first major book A Farewell to Arms (1929). He enlisted in the Red Cross medical service, driving an ambulance on the Italian front. He was badly wounded in the knee at Fossalta di Piave; yet, still under heavy mortar fire, he carried a wounded man on his back a considerable distance to the aid station. After having over 200 shell fragments removed from his legs and body, Hemingway next enlisted in the Italian infantry, served on the Austrian front until the armistice, and was decorated for bravery by the Italian government

5. Meet Mr. Hemingway • In 1914, he was rejected for army service because he had a bad eye. • He then hitched his way to Kansas City, lied about his age, and began writing obituaries for the Kansas City Star. • In 1917, he quit that job and entered the war as an ambulance driver. • He was critically wounded in the leg on the Italian front. • He recuperated through the autumn of 1918 in a Milan hospital where his nurse was an American Red Cross girl of Polish ancestry named Agnes von Kurowsky.

6. Meet Mr. Hemingway • Shortly after his recovery, Hemingway met Sherwood Anderson. • He came home a restless decorated hero and married Hadley Richardson, the first of his four wives.

7. Hemingway’ Marriages • Hemingway's first wife was Hadley Richardson.  They married in 1921 and had a son, John, in 1923.  They were divorced in 1928.  Hemingway married Pauline Pfeiffer in 1928 and had two sons with her, Patrick in 1928 and Gregory in 1931. He divorced Pauline in 1940 and married Martha Gellhorn that same year.  He divorced Martha in 1945 and married his fourth and final wife, Mary Welsh, in 1946. Martha Gelhorn Pauline Pfeiffer

8. A Moveable Feast • A Moveable Feast • Hemingway's memoir A Moveable Feast captures the years Hadley and Hemingway lived in Paris during the early to mid-1920s. The memoir was not published until 1964, three years after Hemingway's death. In the memoir, Hemingway writes about his marriage to Hadley and their life together in Paris in the early to mid 1920s.

9. Hadley Hemingway • After the divorce, Hadley stayed in France until 1934. Among her many friends in Paris was Paul Mowrer, foreign journalist for the Chicago Daily News. Hadley met him in the spring of 1927 shortly after her divorce from Hemingway. A journalist and political writer, Mowrer received a Pulitzer Prize for his work as a foreign correspondent in 1929. On July 3, 1933, after a five-year courtship, Hadley and Paul Mowrer were married in London. Hadley was especially grateful to Paul's warm relationship with Bumby (Jack) (John). Soon after the marriage, they moved to a suburb of Chicago, where they were living during World War II and she continued to receive royalties from The Sun Also Rises. When a film was made of The Sun Also Rises in 1957, the profits went to her.

10. Hadley Hemingway • Later years • After they separated and divorced in Paris, Hadley only saw her first husband once again—she and Mowrer ran into him while vacationing in Wyoming. She lived to be 87, and a 1992 book is devoted to her life. However, when she left her marriage to Hemingway, she left behind the publicity. She died on January 22, 1979, in Lakeland, Florida. • In 2011 a book entitled The Paris Wife: A Novel by Paula McLain was published, telling the entire story of Hadley Richardson's relationship with Hemingway in "her voice." Although declared as a work of fiction, the narrative was faithful to the facts as known.

11. Meet Mr. Hemingway • In 1920, with a letter of introduction from Anderson to Gertrude Stein, he returned to Paris as a European correspondent for the Toronto Star. • Operating from Paris, he established himself as a first rate journalist covering violence in Greece, Turkey, and Geneva peace conferences during WWI. • He had a great ability to create out of small details, the total mood and atmosphere of a place.

12. Meet Mr. Hemingway • Hemingway’s early works in Paris consisted of a small volume, three stories, and ten poems. • In 1924, he wrote In Our Time, a group of fiercely authentic vignettes of war. • Then he published Torrents of Spring followed by The Sun Also Rises in 1926. This was his first significant extended piece of fiction.

13. Meet Mr. Hemingway • In 1929, he published Men Without Women. These stories once more obsessed with themes of war, of nature, and of the code hero. • Both Gertrude Stein and the poet Ezra Pound gave him helpful criticism telling him to concentrate on his writing, to pare it down. Their motto was “less if more.”

14. Meet Mr. Hemingway • In 1929, Hemingway was around 30 years old and married for the second time. He wrote A Farewell to Arms which was a major success.

15. Meet Mr. Hemingway • In the 1930’s Hemingway published two nonfiction books that revealed his fascination with bullfighting and big-game hunting—Death in the Afternoon and Green Hills of Africa.

16. Meet Mr. Hemingway’s Hero • He stuck to the simplest words, “If you wrote,” he said, “that is without tricks, you could find the exact sequence of fact and emotion and thus you could recreate for the reader the emotion itself.” • Thus, Nick Adams is the prototype of the HEMINGWAY HERO—the loner who knows that the world will break you whoever you are, and all you’ve got to fight with is your individual courage if you wish to fight at all.

17. Meet Mr. Hemingway’s Hero • The motto of Hemingway’s hero is simply “one must survive.” That is the only truth. And if one is lucky, one can forget abut everything else in hunting and fishing and other rituals.

18. Meet Mr. Hemingway • In 1940 he wrote For Whom the Bell Tolls, which evoked a general disenchantment with war. He seemed unable to strike the attitude of social commitment. Characters were never really engaged—they go to battle, as one critic observed, but never to the ballot box.

19. Meet Mr. Hemingway • Hemingway was at his best when he was writing about men without women. Perhaps women meant for him domesticity and domesticity meant civilization and civilization meant war.

20. Meet Mr. Hemingway • In 1952, Hemingway produced another widely acclaimed novel, The Old Man and the Sea. • This won the 1953 PULITIZER PRIZE. • The tale of an old Cuban fisherman has been interpreted as Hemingway’s metaphor of life: a vision of the hero weighed down by the years but still able to use his skill to taunt fate and so win a kind of victory from it.

21. Meet Mr. Hemingway • In 1954, Hemingway won the NOBEL PRIZE in literature. • He lived in Ketchum, Idaho, and his restless spirit led him all over the world: to Cuba, China, Venice, Spain, and Africa.

22. The Death of Hemingway • His health deteriorated. • He suffered depression. • On the morning of July 1, 1961, he rose early, and with two charges of a double-barreled shotgun, he killed himself.

23. IN SUMMARY • Hemmingway suffered from alcoholism and depression. He was receiving treatment in Ketchum, Idaho for high blood pressure and liver problems — and also electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for depression and continued paranoia. He attempted suicide in the spring of 1961 and received ECT treatments again. He committed suicide (shot himself) on July 2, 1961.

24. Ernest Hemingway Ketchum CemeteryKetchumBlaine CountyIdaho, USA

25. Papa Hemingway • He received the nickname of "Papa" from his admirers, both military and literary.

26. Hemingway Cats • The Ernest Hemingway Home and Museum is home to approximately 40-50 polydactyl (six-toed) cats. Cats normally have five front toes and four back toes. • Ernest Hemingway was given a white six-toed cat by a ship's captain and some of the cats who live on the museum grounds are descendants of that original cat, named Snowball. Key West is a small island and it is possible that many of the cats on the island are related.

27. He owned multi-toed cats in Italy and they had so many offspring that now, multi-toed cats are called Hemingway Cats. Hemingway Cats

29. Jack HemingwayOctober 10, 1923 – December 1, 2000 • Jack Hemingway, whose achievements as a conservationist and proficiency as a fisherman were nearly overshadowed by his role as the son of a celebrated father and the father of famous children, died Friday night at Weill Cornell Medical Center in Manhattan. He was 77. • He died on December 1, 2000, after suffering complications of heart surgery in New York City.

30. John Hadley Nicanor Hemingway(October 10, 1923) • Nicknamed "Bumby" • Died December 1, 2000 (aged 77)New York City • Occupation: Writer • Spouse(s): Byra Whittlesey (1949–1988)Angela Holvey • Children: Joan Hemingway (born 1950)Margaux Louise Hemingway (1954–1996)Mariel Hadley Hemingway (born 1961)

31. Margaux Hemingway • His granddaughter Margaux Hemmingway, took an overdose of phenobarbital on July 1, 1996. It was one day before the anniversary of her grandfather's own suicide. Hemingway was found dead in her studio apartment in Santa Monica, California at age 41.

32. The Strange Saga of Gregory Hemingway • Gregory Hemingway, a former doctor also known as Gloria Hemingway, was found dead at 5:45 a.m. Monday . He was 69. • He often dressed as a woman, and jail officials had classified him as a woman and believed he had undergone a sex change operation. He died in the women's section of the jail. The cause of death was hypertension and cardiovascular disease.

33. The Strange Saga of Gregory Hemingway • Gregory Hemingway's daughter is Lorian Hemingway, author of such books as "Walk on Water: A Memoir.“ • But alcohol and other problems stalked his life. • "My mother suffered severe brain damage as a result of a car accident directly related to her addiction," Lorian Hemingway has written. "My father lost his medical license for the same reason." Gregory Hemingway had been arrested last week on Key Biscayne, charged with indecent exposure and resisting arrest without violence after a park ranger reported a pedestrian with no clothes on.

34. Hemingway Children – Gregory/Gloria • This picture was taken after the supposed “sex change” with his wife Ida posing as Bonnie and Clyde.

35. Gregory Hemingway • In the course of his first four marriages, he had eight children: Patrick, Edward, Sean, Brendan, Vanessa, Maria, John, and Lorian. One of those marriages, to Valerie Danby-Smith, Ernest Hemingway's secretary, lasted almost 20 years. Gregory's fourth marriage, to Ida Mae Galliher, ended in divorce in 1995 after three years, though they continued to live together.

36. Gregory’s Children • Daughter Lorian Hemingway wrote about her father in the 1999 book Walk on Water: A Memoir. Son Edward, an artist, published his first illustrated children's book Bump in the Night in 2008. Son John wrote the critically acclaimed memoir Strange Tribe: A Family Memoir. Son Patrick is a professional photographer based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

37. Gregory’s Mother--Pauline • Pfeiffer spent the rest of her life in Key West with frequent visits to California until her death on October 21, 1951. Her death was first attributed to shock related to her son (Gregory's (a.k.a Gloria) arrest and a subsequent phone call from Ernest that same day. Gregory/Gloria had been arrested earlier in that day as a male who was caught entering a woman's restroom in a theater. Years later, Gregory/Gloria became a medical doctor and interpreted the autopsy report and claimed that Pauline died due to a pheochromocytoma tumor on her adrenal gland. His theory was that the phone call from Ernest caused the tumor to secrete excessive adrenalin and then stop. The resultant change in blood pressure caused the shock that killed her.

38. Martha Gellhorn • Martha Gellhorn (8 November 1908 – 15 February 1998) was an American novelist, travel writer and journalist, considered by The London Daily Telegraph, among others, to be one of the greatest war correspondents of the 20th century. She reported on virtually every major world conflict that took place during her 60-year career. Gellhorn was also the third wife of American novelist Ernest Hemingway, from 1940 to 1945. At the age of 89, ill and almost completely blind, she committed suicide. The Martha Gellhorn Prize for Journalism is named after her.

39. In 1945, a year after Hemingway and Welsh began their lives together, Gelhorn divorced Hemingway. They remained together even as matters became more difficult for Mary. Hemingway began to decline mentally. After Hemingway’s death in her last few years, she became an invalid and seldom left her Manhattan apartment. After a prolonged illness she died in St. Luke’s Hospital on November 26, 1986. She was 78. I wondered at the time how she had evaluated her celebrity life with Hemingway. Was it worth all the indignities, all the turmoil and stress? She gave her answer in her will. She stipulated that she should be buried in Ketchum, next to Hemingway. It was an affirmation of the marriage and a final declaration of possession. Mary Welsh

40. Patrick on Papa • Patrick Hemingway, 77, Ernest Hemingway's only living son, maintains that a little too much is made of his father's eminent lifestyle and pursuits, and not quite enough of his achievements as a writer. • Patrick Hemingway celebrated his 80th birthday in 2008.

41. Patrick Hemingway was born on 28 June 1928, in Kansas City, Missouri, the second son of Ernest Hemingway, and the author's first child with second wife Pauline Pfeiffer. Patrick was affectionately known within the family as "Mouse," a nickname given to him by his father. He lived in East Africa for most of his adult life, running a safari firm in the savanna called Tanganyika Tour Safaris. Patrick was a White Hunter and a big-game guide, taking European princes, wealthy adventurers, and curious tourists on hunting expeditions in the bush. After his retirement, he moved to Montana, to a small house at the edge of the Bridger Mountains, where he has lived in relative seclusion for the past quarter-century. He is happily married to a former university professor, Carol, and is the father of a grown-up daughter, Mina. Patrick spent 25 years in Africa as owner and operator of a safari company and knew the whole atmosphere of safaris.  He knew his father and his father's writing, and he ardently advocates getting to know his father's works over the public persona.  Though there are many famous scholars well-versed in all things Hemingway, to me, there was no one better than Patrick to edit the manuscript that Hemingway wrote about the safari.  It is a great read that truly resonates Ernest Hemingway enjoying life to the fullest and sharing the profound experiences of the safari.  TRUE AT FIRST LIGHT Patrick Hemingway