SKELETAL SYSTEM

1. P2 will be very different from P1.  It will be in the practicum room down the hall, and you will be rotating to different stations.  The Department will try to set-up a practice practicum the week before so you can go through to give you an idea of what to expect.  • There will be 100 questions, 1 pt each. • There are 3 types of questions: • 1) name the bone (bold print words on the unit 2 handout) • 2) name the marking (regular font words below each bone) • 3) side (right or left for appendicular skeleton).  • You CANNOT touch the bone on the practicum since the sticker/pipe cleaners can easily be displaced.  • There are 32 stations w/ 3 questions each and 2 stations w/ 2 questions each = 100 questions.  • You will have 1.5 minutes per station.

2. Everything you need to know for the next exam is on the bone flashcards posted on my website, plus you need to know right from left on some of the bones. I posted a document on my website about that as well.Print the flashcards out and fold them lengthwise to hide the answers on the left. Be able to write each answer out, and then you will be ready for the test. • It will take about 10 hours a week to learn all that material, so you need to spend 2 hours per day M-F plus another 5 hours on the weekend. After you learn several pages of the flashcards on the first day, go over them again the second day before you start to learn the next group of pages. On the third day, go over the first two batches before learning the next batch. You need to go over and over what you have learned so it will go into long term memory. Otherwise, if you don't frequently go over it, you will forget during the stress of the test. • We will cover upper extremity bones today, so by the next lab period, you should have ALL of today’s material memorized. We will also have a 2 point quiz on that material. If you are not ready for the quiz, you are behind. The key to success in an Anatomy class is to spend at least 10 hours a week studying the lab material, plus a similar number of hours studying the lecture material.

3. For the rest of this semester, every Sat 12:15-3:30pm, the lab will be open for all 10A students to study the bones, and later on, the cats.  Dr. Nguyen will be there to answer questions.  •  The Bio Resource Room in building 61 also has 2 bone boxes that students can use outside of lab.  The hours and location are posted on the doors of the lab.

4. Just a reminder that on the day of the bone exam, you need to bring a lab coat, goggles or safety glasses, a box of gloves, and a dissection kit. You also must have closed toe shoes. If you do not have those items, you cannot enter the lab. I have some items that I can loan you, but I have been instructed to deduct one point from your grade for each item you have to borrow, each time you borrow something. Make sure you have your supplies with you each week from now on, and remember to wear closed toe shoes or you cannot come in.

5. I recommend http://www.blangenberg.com/protected/pal2/index.html to study bone. I also remind you of the open lab on Sat 12:30-3:30pm and the Bio Resource Room in 61-3318 (various hours which I do not know) to get more time w/ the bones. • I am working on uploading a practice bone practicum on You Tube and it should be up later this week. • You are REQUIRED to take the practicum w/ the section that you have been attending. If you don't take it at this time, then you MUST contact me ASAP with one of these choices: 1) take it with another section BEFORE the scheduled time w/ the section you have been attending with NO penalty OR 2) take it with another section AFTER the scheduled time but you will have a PENALTY of 10 points DEDUCTION from your score IF YOU DO NOT HAVE A VERIFIABLE EXCUSE, like a doctor's note or hospital paperwork for being sick, funeral paperwork if you have a death in the family, police report if you were in an accident, etc. • If you have other circumstances, please talk to me individually. • Some of you have NOT been attending regularly. If you do not want to continue, then please drop yourself from this class. • Loni

6. SKELETAL SYSTEM 206 126 80 AXIAL SKELETON APPENDICULAR SKELETON (see Figure 6.1) 2 Clavicle Clavicle Pectoral girdles 4 Scapula 2 Scapula Humerus 2 Humerus Upper limbs 60 Radius 2 Ulna 2 Radius Carpal bones 16 Ulna Hip bone Metacarpal bones 10 Phalanges 28 Pelvic girdle Hip bones 2 Femur 2 Femur 2 Lower limbs Patella 60 2 Tibia 2 Tibia Fibula 2 Fibula Tarsal bones 14 Metatarsal bones 10 Phalanges 28

7. Clavicle Scapula Humerus Radius Ulna Carpal bones Metacarpal bones (I to V) Phalanges

8. Sternal end MEDIAL LATERAL Acromial end Superior view Acromial end Conoid tubercle MEDIAL LATERAL Sternal end Inferior view Clavicle- right side

9. Acromion Acromion Acromion Coracoid process Coracoid process Coracoid process Superior border Superior border Spine Glenoid cavity (fossa) Rim of glenoid fossa (cavity) Spine Body Body Lateral border Medial border Lateral border (axillary border) Medial border (vertebral border) Lateral border Inferior angle Lateral view Costal (anterior) surface Posterior surface Scapula, Right side

10. Intertubercular sulcus/groove Lesser tubercle Greater tubercle Head Lesser tubercle Greater tubercle Head Anatomical neck Anatomical neck Intertubercular sulcus/groove Surgical neck POSTERIOR Shaft (body) ANTERIOR Coronoid fossa Radial fossa Radial fossa Lateral epicondyle Lateral epicondyle Medial epicondyle Medial epicondyle Trochlea Capitulum Capitulum Trochlea Condyle R humerus, Anterior surface Condyle

11. Greater tubercle Head Head Greater tubercle Anatomical neck Anatomical neck Surgical neck ANTERIOR POSTERIOR Medial epicondyle Olecranon fossa Olecranon fossa Lateral epicondyle Lateral epicondyle Medial epicondyle R humerus, Posterior surface Trochlea Trochlea

12. Olecranon Proximal radioulnar joint* Head of radius * Joint puts the radial head into the radial notch of the ulna (not shown) RADIUS ULNA Ulnar notch of radius Ulnar notch of radius Ulnar styloid process Ulnar styloid process Radial styloid process Radial styloid process R radius and R ulna, Posterior view

13. Olecranon Trochlear notch Coronoid process Radial notch of ulna Head of radius Head of radius Radial tuberosity ULNA RADIUS *Joint puts the ulna (head) together with the ulnar notch of the radius Ulnar notch of radius Distal radioulnar joint * Ulnar notch of radius Head of ulna Ulnar styloid process Radial styloid process Radial styloid process R radius and R ulna, Anterior view

14. Olecranon Trochlear notch Coronoid process Radial notch Ulna, lateral view

15. Radius Lunate Pisiform Scaphoid Triquetrum (Triquetral) Trapezium Hamate Trapezoid Capitate I Metacarpal bones V II IV III Proximal Middle Phalanges Distal Right wrist and hand, anterior (palmar) view

16. Ulnar styloid process Radius Scaphoid Lunate Trapezium Pisiform Trapezoid Triquetrum (Triquetral) I Hamate Metacarpal bones V II Capitate IV III Proximal Phalanges Middle Distal Right wrist and hand, posterior (dorsal) view

17. Pelve or Os coxa, Right side Iliac crest Greater sciatic notch Acetabulum Ischial spine Ilium Obturator foramen Pubic symphysis surface Ischial tuberosity POSTERIOR ANTERIOR Lateral view Pubis Ischium Lateral view

18. Pelve or Os coxa, Right side Ilium Iliac crest ANTERIOR POSTERIOR Ischium Pubis Ilium Greater sciatic notch Ischial spine Obturator foramen Ischial tuberosity Pubic symphysis (symphyseal surface) Medial view

19. Ilium Sacrum Sacro-iliac joint Sacrum Iliac crest Ilium Ischium Pubis Coccyx Hip bone Acetabulum Pubis Coccyx Ischium Obturator foramen Pubic symphysis Anterior view

20. Greater pelvis Greater pelvis Pelvic inlet Pelvic outlet Pelvic brim True pelvis Pelvic brim Pelvic outlet Pelvic inlet Superior view Medial view Ischial spine Inferior view

21. Ischial spine 90º or less Male Ischial spine 100º or more Female

22. Head Neck Neck Greater trochanter Greater trochanter Lesser trochanter Lesser trochanter Femur, right side Shaft of femur Shaft (body) of femur Patellar surface Lateral epicondyle Medial epicondyle Lateral epicondyle Medial epicondyle Patellar surface Medial condyle Lateral condyle Lateral condyle Medial condyle Anterior surface

23. Head Greater trochanter Neck Head Neck Greater trochanter Intertrochanteric crest Intertrochanteric crest Lesser trochanter Lesser trochanter Femur, right side Linea aspera Lateral epicondyle Popliteal surface Popliteal surface Lateral condyle Medial epicondyle Lateral epicondyle Lateral condyle Medial epicondyle Medial condyle Intercondylar fossa (notch) Medial condyle Intercondylar fossa (notch) Posterior surface

24. Base of patella Articular surface of patella Apex of patella Anterior view Posterior view

25. Head of fibula Tibial tuberosity Head of fibula Shaft of fibula Shaft of tibia Inferior tibiofibular joint Medial malleolus (tibia) Lateral malleolus (fibula) Lateral malleolus (fibula) Anterior views

26. Intercondylar eminence Intercondylar eminence Head of fibula Head of fibula Tibia TIBIA FIBULA TIBIA Fibula FIBULA Sectional view Medial malleolus (tibia) Medial malleolus (tibia) Lateral malleolus (fibula) Lateral malleolus (fibula) Posterior views

27. Calcaneus Cuboid Talus Distal phalanx Lateral cuneiform Bone (III) Distal phalanx Middle phalanx Navicular Proximal phalanx Intermediate (II) cuneiform bone Proximal phalanx Medial (I) cuneiform bone Metatarsal bones (I-V) V IV III II I Cuneiform bones Metatarsal I Cuboid Navicular Talus Proximal phalanges Middle phalanges Calcaneus Distal phalanges Superior (dorsal) view Inferior (plantar) view