ECE 4371, Fall, 2009 Introduction to Telecommunication Engineering

1. ECE 4371, Fall, 2009Introduction to Telecommunication Engineering Zhu Han Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Class 1 Aug. 25nd, 2009

2. Outline • Instructor information • Motivation to study communication systems • Course descriptions and textbooks • What you will study from this course • Objectives • Coverage and schedule • Homework, projects, and exams • Other policies • Reasons to be my students • Background and Preview ECE 4371

3. Instructor Information • Office location: Engineering 1 N324 • Office hours: Mon. 2:00pm-5:00pm, Other time including weekend by appointment • Email: zhan2@mail.uh.edu • Phone: 713-743-4437(o), 301-996-2011(c) • Course website: • http://www.egr.uh.edu/Courses/ECE/ECE4371/ECE4371.html • http://www.egr.uh.edu/Courses/ECE/ECE4371/ECE4117.html • TA: Zhou Yuan, talentyz@gmail.com • Research interests: Wireless Networking, Signal Processing, and Security • http://wireless.egr.uh.edu/ ECE 4371

4. Motivations • Recent Development • Satellite Communications • Telecommunication: Internet boom at the end of last decade • Wireless Communication: next boom? iPhone • Job Market • Probably one of most easy and high paid majors recently • Intel changes to wireless, • Qualcom, Broadcom, TI, Marvell, Cypress • Research Potential • One to one communication has less room to go, but multiuser communication is still an open issue. • Wimax, 3G, next generation WLAN ECE 4371

5. Course Descriptions • What is the communication system? • What are the major types? • Analog or Digital • Satellite, Fiber, Wireless… • What are the theorems? • What are the major components? • How is the information transmitted? • What are the current industrial standards? • What are the state-of-art research? • Can I find a job by studying this course? • Can I find research topics? ECE 4371

6. Textbook and Software • Require textbook: Simon Haykin, Communication Systems, 4th edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. • Require Software: MATLAB http://www.mathworks.com/ or type helpwin in Matlab environment • Recommended readings • Digital communications: J. Proakis, Digital Communications • Random process: G.R. Grimmett and D.R. Stirzaker, Probability and Random Processes • Estimation and detection: H.V. Poor, An introduction to Signal Detection and Estimation • Information theory: T. M. Cover and J. A. Thomas, Elements of Information Theory • Error correct coding: P.Sweeney, Error Control Coding ECE 4371

7. Schedule • 8/22: background and preview • 8/28 ~9/2: Chapter 1 • 9/4-9/18: Chapter 2 • 9/23-10/2: Chapter 3 • 10/7: Midterm 1 (Chapter 0-Chapter 3) • 10/9-10/21: Chapter 4 • 10/23-10/30: Chapter 5 • 11/4-11/9: Chapter 6 • 11/13-11/25: Chapter 7 • 11/27: Midterm 2 (Chapter 4-Chapter 6) • 12/2-12/4: Chapter 8 • 12/9-12/11: Chapter 10 • Final Exam (Chapter 7, 8, 10) ECE 4371

8. Homework, Project, and Exam • Homework • 2 questions per week for undergraduate, 3~4 for graduate • Projects: simple MATLAB programs • AM/FM Modulation • BPSK Modulation (undergraduate), BPSK/MQAM (graduate) • USRP2/GnuRadio if the hardware will be ready. • Exams • Three independent exams • Votes for the percentages for homework, projects, and exams • Participations • Attendance and Feedback • Quiz if the attendance is low ECE 4371

9. Teaching Styles • Slides plus black board • Slides can convey more information in an organized way • Blackboard is better for equations and prevents you from not coming. • Course Website • Print handouts with 3 slides per page before you come • Homework assignment and solutions • Project descriptions and preliminary codes • Feedback • Too fast, too slow • Presentation, Writing, English, … ECE 4371

10. Other Policies • Any violation of academic integrity will receive academic and • possibly disciplinary sanctions, including the possible awarding • of an XF grade which is recorded on the transcript and states that • failure of the course was due to an act of academic dishonesty. • All acts of academic dishonesty are recorded so repeat offenders • can be sanctioned accordingly. • CHEATING • COPYING ON A TEST • PLAGIARISM • ACTS OF AIDING OR ABETTING • UNAUTHORIZED POSSESSION • SUBMITTING PREVIOUS WORK • TAMPERING WITH WORK • GHOSTING or MISREPRESENTATION • ALTERING EXAMS • COMPUTER THEFT ECE 4371

11. Reasons to be my students • Wireless Communication and Networking have great market • Usually highly paid and have potential to retire overnight • Highly interdisciplinary • Do not need to find research topics which are the most difficult part. • Research Assistant • Free trips to conferences in Alaska, Hawaii, Europe, Asia… • A kind of nice (at least looks like) • Work with hope and happiness • Graduate fast ECE 4371

12. B A Engineering System Social System Genetic System Communication System History and fact of communication ECE 4371

13. Communication System Components transmitter Source Coder Channel Coder Modulation D/A Source input channel Distortion and noise + Reconstructed Signal output Source decoder Channel decoder demodulation A/D receiver ECE 4371

14. Communication Process • Message Signal • Symbol • Encoding • Transmission • Decoding • Re-creation • Broadcast • Point to Point ECE 4371

15. Telecommunication • Telegraph • Fixed line telephone • Cable • Wired networks • Internet • Fiber communications • Communication bus inside computers to communicate between CPU and memory ECE 4371

16. Wireless Communications • Satellite • TV • Cordless phone • Cellular phone • Wireless LAN, WIFI • Wireless MAN, WIMAX • Bluetooth • Ultra Wide Band • Wireless Laser • Microwave • GPS • Ad hoc/Sensor Networks ECE 4371

17. Analog or Digital • Common Misunderstanding: Any transmitted signals are ANALOG. NO DIGITAL SIGNAL CAN BE TRANSMITTED • Analog Message: continuous in amplitude and over time • AM, FM for voice sound • Traditional TV for analog video • First generation cellular phone (analog mode) • Record player • Digital message: 0 or 1, or discrete value • VCD, DVD • 2G/3G cellular phone • Data on your disk • Your grade • Digital age: why digital communication will prevail ECE 4371

18. Source Coder • Examples • Digital camera: encoder; TV/computer: decoder • Camcorder • Phone • Read the book • Theorem • How much information is measured by Entropy • More randomness, high entropy and more information ECE 4371

19. Channel, Bandwidth, Spectrum • Bandwidth: the number of bits per second is proportional to B http://www.ntia.doc.gov/osmhome/allochrt.pdf ECE 4371

20. Power, Channel, Noise • Transmit power • Constrained by device, battery, health issue, etc. • Channel responses to different frequency and different time • Satellite: almost flat over frequency, change slightly over time • Cable or line: response very different over frequency, change slightly over time. • Fiber: perfect • Wireless: worst. Multipath reflection causes fluctuation in frequency response. Doppler shift causes fluctuation over time • Noise and interference • AWGN: AdditiveWhiteGaussian noise • Interferences: power line, microwave, other users (CDMA phone) ECE 4371

21. Shannon Capacity • Shannon Theory • It establishes that given a noisy channel with information capacity C and information transmitted at a rate R, then if R<C, there exists a coding technique which allows the probability of error at the receiver to be made arbitrarily small. This means that theoretically, it is possible to transmit information without error up to a limit, C. • The converse is also important. If R>C, the probability of error at the receiver increases without bound as the rate is increased. So no useful information can be transmitted beyond the channel capacity. The theorem does not address the rare situation in which rate and capacity are equal. • Shannon Capacity ECE 4371

22. Modulation • Process of varying a carrier signal in order to use that signal to convey information • Carrier signal can transmit far away, but information cannot • Modem: amplitude, phase, and frequency • Analog: AM, amplitude, FM, frequency, Vestigial sideband modulation, TV • Digital: mapping digital information to different constellation: Frequency-shift key (FSK) ECE 4371

23. Example • Figure 10 • Modulation over carrier fc s(t)=Accos(2fct) for symbol 1; -Accos(2fct) for symbol 0 • Transmission from channel x(t)=s(t)+w(t) • Correlator • Decoding • If the correlator output yT is greater than 0, the receiver output symbol 1; otherwise it outputs symbol 0. ECE 4371

24. Channel Coding • Purpose • Deliberately add redundancy to the transmitted information, so that if the error occurs, the receiver can either detect or correct it. • Source-channel separation theorem • If the delay is not an issue, the source coder and channel coder can be designed separately, i.e. the source coder tries to pack the information as hard as possible and the channel coder tries to protect the packet information. • Popular coder • Linear block code • Cyclic codes (CRC) • Convolutional code (Viterbi, Qualcom) • LDPC codes, Turbo code, 0.1 dB to Channel Capacity ECE 4371

25. Quality of a Link (service, QoS) • Mean Square Error • Signal to noise ratio (SNR) • Bit error rate • Frame error rate • Packet drop rate • Peak SNR (PSNR) • SINR/SNIR: signal to noise plus interference ratio • Human factor ECE 4371

26. Communication Networks • Connection of 2 or more distinct (possibly dissimilar) networks. • Requires some kind of network device to facilitate the connection. • Internet Net A Net B ECE 4371

27. Broadband Communication ECE 4371

28. OSI Model Open Systems Interconnections; Course offered next semester ECE 4371

29. TCP/IP Architecture • TCP/IP is the de facto global data communications standard. • It has a lean 3-layer protocol stack that can be mapped to five of the seven in the OSI model. • TCP/IP can be used with any type of network, even different types of networks within a single session. ECE 4371

30. Summary • Course Descriptions • Communication System Structure • Basic Block Diagram • Typical Communication systems • Analog or Digital • Entropy to Measure the Quantity of Information • Channels • Shannon Capacity • Spectrum Allocation • Modulation • Communication Networks ECE 4371