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APRIL 08

Moving and handling Basic back care. APRIL 08. Aims and outcomes. AIM To give you the skills and knowledge to provide safe and effective care in line with Trust Policy, legislation and current best practice OUTCOMES To understand how moving and handling impacts on you and your practice

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APRIL 08

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  1. Moving and handling Basic back care APRIL 08 AR/AD Apr08

  2. Aims and outcomes AIM • To give you the skills and knowledge to provide safe and effective care in line with Trust Policy, legislation and current best practice OUTCOMES • To understand how moving and handling impacts on you and your practice • To understand employers and employees responsibilities in line with Trust policies and legislation • To understand structure and function of the spine, causes and prevention of injury • To demonstrate awareness of correct posture and practical application of this in load handling • To develop the ability to risk assess and relate it to working practice • Demonstrate ability to carry out appropriate load handling techniques and follow the principles of safer moving and handling AR/AD Apr08

  3. Back facts It is estimated that 4 out of 5 adults (80%) will have back pain at some stage in their lives (Pain 2000) The NHS spends more than £1 billion on back pain related costs £512 million on hospital costs £141 million on GP consultations £150.6 million on physiotherapy (Pain 2000) 5million working days lost in 2003/2004 due to back pain. On any one day 1% of the population in the UK were on sick leave due to a back problem (HSE 2005) The number of people with back pain increases with advancing age, starting in school children and peaking in adults 35 to 55 years of age. Back pain is just as common in adolescents as it is in adults (Eur Spine J 2006) Back pain is the number 2 reason for long term sickness in the UK (DWP 2002) AR/AD Apr08

  4. Definition of moving and handling Manual handling ‘Any transporting or supporting of a load including the lifting, putting down, pushing, pulling, carrying or moving thereof by hand or bodily force’ (MHOR, 1992) • Role of the adviser also considers • The way we sit, stand, work, move • Storage • Design of workplace and workstation • The purchase and hire of appropriate equipment AR/AD Apr08

  5. Effects of poor moving and handling AR/AD Apr08

  6. Benefits of safer moving and handling • reduces accidents • reduces injuries • complies with law • avoids litigation • financial savings • protects reputation • improves staffing • reduces accidents • reduces injuries • increases confidence • reduces anxiety • makes the job easier • reduces accidents • reduces physical injury • reduces sick leave • avoids financial loss • complies with policy AR/AD Apr08

  7. Legislation AR/AD Apr08

  8. Legislation Legal requirements • Health & Safety at Work Act 1974 • Management of the Health & Safety at Work Regulations 1999 • Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 • Workplace (Health, Safety & Welfare) Regulations 1992 • Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 (RIDDOR 1995) • Provision & Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER) • Lifting Operations & Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER) • Human Rights Act 1998 • Health & Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992 AR/AD Apr08

  9. Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 Employers’ duties Section 2 imposes a duty on every employer to ensure so far as is reasonably practicable, the health, safety and welfare at work of all it’s employees. The scope of the duty for manual handling includes: • Provision and maintenance of plant work systems that are safe and without health risks • Arrangements for ensuring safety and absence of health risks in the use, handling, storage and transport of articles and substances • Provision of information, instruction, training and supervision necessary to ensure health and safety. • to have a written policy detailing health and safety measures and to have it communicated to employees Employees’ duties Under section 7 the employee is under a corresponding duty to: • Take reasonable care of his/her own health and safety and the health and safety of other people affected by his/her acts or omissions. • Co-operate with the employer in performing the duties under the Act AR/AD Apr08

  10. Manual handling operations regulations 1992 AR/AD Apr08

  11. Risk assessment AR/AD Apr08

  12. MHOR(92)– Requirements for risk assessment AVOID REASSESS ASSESS REDUCE AR/AD Apr08

  13. Risk assessment factors There are four factors to be considered in all handling assessments AR/AD Apr08

  14. Risk factors • Task • load held away from trunk • twisting/bending/stretching/stooping • excessive lifting/lowering/carrying • excessive pushing/pulling • sudden movement • frequent or prolonged handling • handling whilst seated • team handling • Individual • unusual strength/capability needed • specialist knowledge/training needed • pose risk to staff who are pregnant/in poor health AR/AD Apr08

  15. Risk factors • Load • heavy • bulky • unwieldy • difficult to grasp • potentially dangerous • awkward • large • Environment • space constraints • uneven/unstable floors • slipping/tripping hazards • extremes of temperature • poor lighting • obstacles AR/AD Apr08

  16. Structure and function of the spine AR/AD Apr08

  17. Structure of the spine The spine is made up of 33 bones or VERTEBRAE. Each pair of adjacent vertebrae are connected at the rear by a FACETJOINT. Each vertebrae is separated by a pad of cartilage called a DISC. Discs are made up of an outer layer of fibrous material called the ANNULUS and an inner gel like substance called the NUCLEUS. They only have a minimal nerve & blood supply. LIGAMENTS hold the bones together & MUSCLES control movement. AR/AD Apr08

  18. Key structures and their function MUSCLES AND LIGAMENTS Help to hold bones together. Support bodies of vertebrae. Control & guide movement. DISCS Act as spacers between vertebrae. Act as shock absorbers VERTEBRAE Provide central support for skeleton. Largest bones at base to support body weight FACET JOINTS Control and limit range of movement between each pair of vertebrae AR/AD Apr08

  19. Potential damage to key structures of the spine • Often referred to as ‘slipped disc’ • Cumulative in nature – sometimes over a number of years • Repeated stresses to the outer layer of the disc due to poor posture eg. bending, twisting, stretching, stooping – or a combination of these. • Nucleus can bulge or rupture through the outer layer of the disc, causing stimulation of the surrounding nerve and subsequent pain. Prolapsed disc AR/AD Apr08

  20. Potential damage to key structures of the spine VERTEBRAE AND JOINTS Usually fractures due to direct trauma or pathological or age related conditions. NERVES Spinal cord damage due to trauma or nerve root irritation. MUSCLES Sprains and strains due to over stretching of tired muscles. Poor or static postures contribute to this. LIGAMENTS Can be torn due to trauma or over stretching. Pregnancy hormones can cause weakening of ligaments AR/AD Apr08

  21. Contributory factors to back pain and injury • Poor posture – twisting, bending, stretching, stooping, reaching or a combination of these • Unaccustomed work/ work that is heavier or more difficult than usual • Exceeding own capabilities • Physical illness/ unfit for work • Fatigue/ emotional stress/ tense, rigid movements • Previous injury or trauma • Cumulative stress • Repetitive stress • Lack of training/ knowledge/ information/ equipment/ resources • Psychological attitudes • Inappropriate practice/ clothing/ footwear • Static posture/ progressing from static to activity • Lack of communication • Environmental factors • Ageing process/ pregnancy/ congenital factors AR/AD Apr08

  22. Principles of safer moving and handling AR/AD Apr08

  23. Principles of safer moving and handling • Is it necessary? Can it be avoided? • Assess and reduce risk. • Select method, plan and prepare. • Keep spine in line. • Keep load close to body. • Get a good grip. • Establish a wide base for stability. Keep one foot in front of the other if possible. • Get help if needed. • Bend at the hips and knees, keep head upright. • Avoid stooping, twisting, bending, stretching and prolonged holds. • Wear appropriate clothing and footwear. • Know your own capacity and don’t exceed. • Use clear, precise instructions. Use ‘ready, steady, go’. • Use clear communication to client and colleagues. • Follow safety procedures relevant to the task and if in doubt seek guidance. • Follow policies. • Inform your manager of pregnancy or ill health. • Follow manufacturers guidance when using equipment. AR/AD Apr08

  24. Contact details AR/AD Apr08

  25. Who to contact for moving and handling advice Ann Drinkwater Education Centre Fieldhead Wakefield WF1 3SP 01924 328617 07789710420 Alison Roper Yearn 2 Learn St Luke’s hospital Huddersfield HD4 5RQ 01484 343995 07881 785183 AR/AD Apr08

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