Koosh Review

1. Koosh Review • Ho Chi Minh Trail • Tonkin Gulf Resolution • Ngo Dinh Diem • Brinkmanship • Popular Sovereignty

2. Journal Entry • Who should be exempt from a draft to go fight in Vietnam p935? • Give reasons as to who and why

3. Vietnam War US History

4. Koosh Review • Brown v Board II • James Meredith • Civil Rights Act of 1964 • Dejure Segregation • 14th Amendment

12. How did we get involved? • 1950 we started helping ______ • They ruled too harshly • Many Vietnamese looked for alternatives • ______ formed the Vietminh-& claimed ______ • 1950-Truman sends $15 million why?

13. Playin’ Bones • Eisenhower explained the _____ • Countries met to make the Geneva Accords – results… • Ho Chi Minh in control of N – capitol of _____ • Ngo Dinh Diem leader in S – capitol of ______

14. Ngo Dinh Diem - US backed president of SV - corrupt and repressive - a devout Catholic - restricted Buddhist practices

15. Election of 1956 • Elections canceled by Diem why? • Vietcong –S Vietnamese that supported _____ • Operated as a terrorist group • Got supplies via ________

16. Kennedy & Johnson • US – JFK authorized ______ of Diem • “In final analysis, it’s their war” but… JFK was going to do what? • After assassination of Diem – Vietcong ____ • LBJ worried about being _____ • Tonkin Gulf Resolution—USS Maddox CLAIMED it had been shot at—so… • Asked and got what? • Feb 1965-Operation Rolling Thunder • Bombing and 50,000 ______

17. Johnson • “not about to send American boys 9 or 10,000 miles away from home to do what Asian boys ought to be doing for themselves” • But by end of 1965-180,000 sent • ______ kept asking for more-67-500,000 • Why?

18. Vietcong Hit and run / ____ warfare Hide among citizens Used ____ as weapons Underground Tunnels Home Advantage Americans Superior ______ Use Napalm Gasoline based bomb Agent Orange Caused ____ and ____ Search and Destroy Missions-what were they? Fighting Styles

19. Other Tactics • US Used Land Mines • 3.5 Million remain in Vietnam • 160 Casualties per/month • 1997 Mine Ban Treaty • Signed by 139 countries • What did the US do? • But we have spent ____

20. Sinking Morale • Public Opinion Going Down – why? • Govt in the South… • We thought what about the war? • Johnson unhappy because what failed? • Had to raise taxes • Everything televised • “Living Room War” why? • LBJ-”There was a light At the end of the tunnel” • Created the _____ Gap • Meaning?

21. Problems Continued • Soldiers moral down as well • Two different ways of coping… • Nation becomes divided • Protest… • Lies, lies, more lies…

22. Nation Divided • Not everyone wanted to go to war • People found ways out of the draft – how? • AA’s served more in ______ again • Women served in _____ roles

23. Students what are they doing? • The New Left (kinda like…) • Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) • Free Speech Movement (FSM) • Protest on __________ – wanted a fundamental change

24. How do we Protest? • 20,000 on DC in April 65 • 30,000 on DC in November 65 • Johnson says you have to have _____ to stay out of the war • Results – many went to _____ like _______ • Many torn between protest and being ______ • 75,000 on DC in 67 – what happened?

25. Johnson can’t win • Two types of people • Doves – wanted us to ______ • Hawks – wanted us to ______ • 70% of US thought Protesters were “acts of disloyalty” • “America-love it or leave it” “Support our men in Vietnam”

26. Happy New Tet! • What was the Tet Offensive? • Jan 30th, 1968—32,000 _____ killed only 3,000 ARVN but view of public? • Prior to Tet – 28% Doves, 56% ____ • After Tet – 40% for both sides • Cronkite – “more certain than ever that the bloody experience of Vietnam is to end in a stalemate.” • Everything changed—news people… • Feb 1968—60% _____ Johnson

27. 1968 What a bad year! • March 31, 1968 Johnson said _____ and “I will not seek and will not accept the nomination of my party for another term as your president” • April 4th, 1968—MLK ____ • June 4th, 1968—RFK ____ • Columbia Univeristy

28. 1968 Continued…Who is going to be President • 68 Dem Convention – Btw Humphrey and McCarthy – what were their jobs? • Convention in Chicago who came? • “As long as I am mayor there will be law and order”

29. What about the Election • Democrats caught on camera fighting so… • Rep. _____ just lost California Gov. election • Promised to _______ • On to the actual election • Nixon v. Humphrey and ______ • Who wins? What helps

30. Tricky Dick as President • “We have to get rid of the nightmares we inherited” – What does that mean? • Nixon works with ______ • Named policy Vietnamization • 1969-1971 withdrawal of 175,000 • While doing this he bombed ______

31. More Problems… • Nixon counted on support from _______ • My Lai Incident – • “Kill anything that breathed” • Troops killed ____ innocent women and children • Nixon announced invasion of Cambodia • What happened at Kent State / Jackson State • As if it couldn’t get any worse - _____ published • What was included in them?

32. This is the war that never ends – it goes on and on my friends… • March ’72 – The Communist “have never been bombed like that are going to be bombed this time” Nixon • Kissinger secretly meeting says peace is ___ • But… We bomb largest cities 100,000 times • After that we finally sign a peace treaty – yea!! • Terms of the Treaty • We would respond if they violated with full force • 2 Years later N Vietnam invades and we do??

33. Legacy of War • Casualties in the War • 58,000 Americans Died • 303,000 wounded • 2 mil. Vietnamese • Our ego –

34. Veterans Back Home • Welcome Home Celebration! • Like what? • Physiological Problems • PTSD, Drugs, Apathy, Suicide

35. Legacy of the Vietnam War • Hawks = we could have won (more military might) * blamed doves and peace movement for loss • Doves = we couldn’t win * unrestricted war = China and Russia get involved • War Powers Act - Limited the President’s power to declare war • Americans become distrustful and cynical towards the government • South East Asia in chaos

36. South East Asia Post Vietnam War • 400,000 South Vietnamese imprisoned by the North • 1.5 million Vietnamese flee the country * 50,000 die on the sea • Vietnam is now a popular tourist destination - watch out for those 3.5 million land mines!

37. Draft • American opinion

38. Fighting Style • Booby traps, land mines, jungle, gorilla • Westmoreland introduced body count-why? • Tried to win the “hearts and minds of people”—but some things didn’t help like- • Soldiers moral went way down—turned to drugs and _____

39. American’s Views • Johnson unhappy b/c GS going down • Living Room War—body bags… • Creditability Gap—caused by what? • Effect on the Draft? • Protest movements—New Left • SDS, FSM • March on Washington—effect of music… • Doves vs. Hawks—what is that?

40. 1968 Cont… • Chicago Dem Party convention—this time the convention was really exciting • Made the Dems look silly--___ won strange election

41. Public Opinion cont… • Kissinger and Nixon—policy of Vietnamization— • March 16, 1968—My Lai what happened? • 1.5 million ____ on strike—why? • Kent State Massacre • Release of Pentagon Papers • Cease fire signed—but eventually ____ falls

42. Totals of the War • 58,000 Americans died • 303,000 Americans wounded • 2 million Vietnamese • Troops mental problems why? • Eventually—the Wall created

43. Koosh Review • Napalm • Credibility Gap • Great Society • New Deal • United Nations

44. Koosh Review • Dove • Hawk • New Left • Living Room War • Ways to avoid the draft

45. Journal • If you were forced to go to war what do you think the hardest part of coming back would be? What adjustments would you need to make in your life? Do you think it would be easy or difficult?

46. Koosh Review • Vietmanization • Kissenger • 1968 Election • Tet Offensive • Underground Railroad

47. Journal Entry • How would you feel if all student privileges at school (best parking, leaving early for lunch, exam exemption, picking classes) were awarded based on how much money your family has? How should those be awarded?