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COS Standard 12

Describe the founding of the first abolitionist societies by Benjamin Rush and Benjamin Franklin and the role played by later critics of slavery, including William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth, Angelina and Sarah Grimké , Henry David Thoreau, and Charles Sumner. .

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COS Standard 12

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  1. Describe the founding of the first abolitionist societies by Benjamin Rush and Benjamin Franklin and the role played by later critics of slavery, including William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth, Angelina and Sarah Grimké, Henry David Thoreau, and Charles Sumner. COS Standard 12

  2. Chapter 8 and 10 Describing the rise of religious movements in opposition to slavery, including objections of the Quakers Explaining the importance of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 that banned slavery in new states north of the Ohio River Describing the rise of the Underground Railroad and its leaders, including Harriet Tubman and the impact of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin, on the abolitionist movement

  3. Opposition to Slavery • From the start of the US, Americans increasing wanted to rid themselves of slavery. • Equality and liberty • By the 1830s, more Americans wanted the immediate end to slavery. • Pits the North against the South • Gradualism: the movement to gradually end slavery in the US

  4. Opposition to Slavery continued • Quakers and Baptists opposed slavery. • Gradually ending slavery would come in stages. • Do not import anymore slaves • Phase out slavery first in North and Upper South, then in Lower South • Slaveholders would be compensated for their loss. • Gradualism would give the south’s economy time to adjust.

  5. Opposition to Slavery continued • Americans realized that ending slavery would not end racism. • Return slaves back to Africa: American Colonization Society • The ACS founded a colony in West Africa called Liberia. The capitol was called Monrovia. • Not realistic • Cost is high • ACS dependent upon donations, cannot raise enough money • Moving 1.5 million people to Africa • Slaves regard America as their home

  6. Liberia

  7. Opposition to Slavery continued • Abolitionism: the movement to rid the US of slavery immediately • No compensation to the slaveholders and no gradual measures • Grew strength from Second Great Awakening

  8. Famous Abolitionists • Benjamin Rush: prominent Americas, signer of the Declaration of Independence, against slavery after having a dream, Quaker influenced • Benjamin Franklin: owned 2 slaves but later freed them once he realized slavery was bad, related to British relationship to Americans, Quaker • William Lloyd Garrison: The Liberator, believed slavery was immoral and slaveholders were evil, the only option is immediate emancipation (freeing all slaves), Quaker influenced • Frederick Douglass: The North Star • Sojourner Truth: former slave who spoke about freedom

  9. Famous Abolitionists • Sara and Angelina Grimke: Quakers, letter was published in the Liberator, feminists and abolitionists • Henry David Thoreau: wrote Slavery in Massachusetts • Charles Sumner: senator from Massachusetts who opposes slavery, Sumner caning

  10. Famous Abolitionists

  11. Famous Abolitionists

  12. Northwest Ordinance of 1787 • Determines how a territory becomes a state • Provides a framework to govern the territory • 60,000 people must live in a territory before it can become a state • Bans slavery above the Ohio River

  13. Underground Railroad • A series of trails and safe places to the north for slaves to travel when escaping the south • Members of the UR were called conductors • Harriet Tubman: also known as Moses, famous conductor of the UR, runaway slave, risked freedom 19 times to save others • Levi Coffin: Quaker, allowed escaped slaves to stay at his home in Indiana and Ohio • UR deepened Southern mistrust of Northern intentions.

  14. Underground Railroad

  15. Harriet Tubman and Levi Coffin

  16. Harriet Beecher Stowe • Wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin • Relationship between Tom, the slave, and his overseer, Simon Legree • Changed Northern perceptions of slavery • Depicted slaves as real people imprisoned in bad situations • Southerners tried unsuccessfully to have the book banned • Distortions and falsehoods • Considered a cause of the Civil War

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