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Transition to Industrial Nation: Dawes Act & Native American Assimilation

Explore the transition of the US from an agrarian society to an industrial nation before WWI. Evaluate the Dawes Act and its impact on tribal identity, land ownership, and the assimilation of Native Americans between Reconstruction and WWI.

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Transition to Industrial Nation: Dawes Act & Native American Assimilation

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  1. COS Standard 1 Explain the transition of the US from an agrarian society to an industrial nation prior to WWI.

  2. Evaluating the Dawes Act for its effect on tribal identity, land ownership, and assimilation of American Indians between Reconstruction and WWI. Chapter 13 Section 3

  3. Assimilation • Some Americans supported the Native American cause • Helen Hunt Jackson, “”A Century of Dishonor” • Exposes government's many broken promises • Others supported the idea of Assimilation • A plan under which Native Americans would give up their beliefs and way of life and become part of the white culture • Children were taken from their families • Schools Established

  4. Native Americans and land • Native Americans move • Americans need for land • Guns and horses. • Some Native Americans were nomads • Searched for food: Buffalo • Led to tribes trespassing on other tribes land • Native Americans had been promised payment for their suffering, but the American government never paid.

  5. Native Americans and land continued • Native Americans felt slighted and fought back. • Fetterman’s Massacre • 80 American soldiers • Sand Creek Massacre • 150 women-children • Custer’s last stand • In an attempt to resolve Native American attacks against white settlers, the American government passed the Dawes Act.

  6. Dawes Act • 1887 • assimilated into American society • Own land • Become citizens • Divided reservation land amongst individual native Americans • 160 acres= head of household (married) • 80 acres= unmarried adults • Remaining land= sold to white settlers and Native Americans would get the sell money

  7. Problems for Native Americans • By 1932, whites owned two thirds of the land that was promised to the Native Americans • Native Americans never receive money • Native Americans had problems with… • Occupation: farmer or rancher • Allotments were too small to be profitable • Assimilating to American lifestyles/cultures • Mixture of all Native Americans

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