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Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell

Explore the evolution of cells from the formation of protocells to the appearance of multicellular organisms. Learn about the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes and the role of organelles within cells.

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Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell

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  1. Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell AP Biology

  2. Link to Evolution • Miller-Urey – cellular components synthesized from early Earth • Formation of protocells • Fossil evidence suggests first prokaryotic cells appeared 3.5 BYA • First eukaryotes appeared 2.1 BYA • Endosymbiosis • Multicellular organisms appeared 1.2 BYA

  3. Organelles • A specialized structure that performs a certain function within a cell • Number and complexity depends on cell type

  4. All Cells Have… • Plasma membrane • Boundary of cell • Controls what enters, leaves • Role in communication TEM cross-section of cell membrane

  5. All Cells Have… • Cytoplasm/Cytosol • Semi-fluid substance • Where organelles are found

  6. All Cells Have… • Chromosomes • Genetic material (DNA)

  7. All Cells Have… • Ribosomes • Site where protein is made

  8. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Large size (to 100µm) Genome organized around proteins; multiple chromosomes Located in nucleus Contain membrane-bound organelles • Small in size (range: 2-20µm) • Genome is singular chromosome not organized around proteins • Located in nucleoid region (NO nucleus) • No membrane-bound organelles

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