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3. Relationship between legislative and exec. Branches.

3. Relationship between legislative and exec. Branches. a. Presidential: 2 branches are both chosen by voters – considered separate and equal. b. Parliamentary: legislators chosen by voters – Executive (Prime Minister) chosen by legislature who can replace him at will.

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3. Relationship between legislative and exec. Branches.

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  1. 3. Relationship between legislative and exec. Branches. • a. Presidential: 2 branches are both chosen by voters – considered separate and equal. • b. Parliamentary: legislators chosen by voters – Executive (Prime Minister) chosen by legislature who can replace him at will.

  2. B. Characteristics of Democracy • 1. Individual Liberty: individual worth and dignity. • Equality of opportunity • 2. Majority rule with Minority Rights • Need for compromise • 3. Free and open elections: secret voting, not coerced • Every vote counts the same, universal suffrage/part. • 4. Competing political parties: give voters choice • Political party: group of individuals w/ common interests who organize to win elections. • 5. Gov’t must be responsive to wishes of people expressed by their vote.

  3. C. The Soil of Democracy: Democracy requires: • 1. A favorable economy w/ large middle class and freedom to make economic decisions. • 2. Widespread education and high degree of literacy. • 3. A Social Consensus: People share same values and ideals.

  4. Sec.4: Gov’t and Economic Systems • A. Economics: study of human efforts to satisfy unlimited wants through the use of limited resources – Econ. Systems & political systems go hand in hand (polling place v. market place).

  5. 1. All econ. Systems must answer 3 ?’s. • a. What & how much is to be produced w/ limited factors of production? • Land & natural resources • Labor – Human resources • Capital – money, factories, machines • Management – decision makers • b. How are goods to be produced? • c. Who gets the goods produced?

  6. B. Major Economic Systems • 1. Capitalism: Market System, Free Enterprise – means of production and answers to basic questions left to the people. • a. Characteristics of capitalism • 1. Private ownership of property and resources • 2. Free enterprise – individual choice • 3. Competition • 4. Profit motive • b. Origins of capitalism • 1. Adam Smith’s – The Wealth of Nations, 1776 • 2. Laissez – faire economics – gov’t should not involve itself in economic decisions: Decisions determined by supply and demand.

  7. c. Free enterprise in U.S. • 1. Mixed Economy: government gets involved by: • a. protecting private property • b. providing services • c. acts as consumer and employer • d. ensures competition • e. regulates businesses to protect society: sets health & safety standards. • f. regulates foreign competition • g. provides welfare services to the unsuccessful.

  8. 2. Socialism • a. Gov’t owns the basic means of production determines the use of resources, distributes the products – wages and provides social services • b. 3 main goals • 1. distribution of wealth and economic opportunity equally among people • 2. gov’t makes all decisions and production • 3. public ownership of most land, of factories and other means of production • c. It developed as means to narrow rich/poor gap. • d. Dem. Socialism: ppl have basic rights and have some control of gov’t officials through elections but cent. Planning by gov’t nationalization of resources is essential. • -believe in peaceful change.

  9. 3. Communism: Command Economy • a. Gov’t makes all econ decisions, own all means of production • b. origins, Karl Marx, Comm. Manifesto (1848) • 1. History of class struggle (world has 2 classes) • Bourgeoisie (owners) v. Proletariot (workers) • Owners grow rich from workers (poor wages) Workers will unite and overthrow. • 2. Gov’t/state was the tool of the owners: can only be altered through bloody revolution. • 3. At first there is a temp. dictatorship, but would wither away to create a classless society (complete equality)

  10. c. Russia (Lenin) first to put into action, Bolshevik Revolution (1917) against Czar Nicholas II. • d. Fallacies of Communism in Practice • 1. In modern communism, gov’ts don’t wither away, Comm. Party becomes like old Bourgeoisie. • 2. In capitalism, owners – workers have not had to resort to conflict to settle differences. • 3. In communism, there is no individual incentive or initiative (no profit motive) nor competition to make best product.

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