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Environmental & Facility SAFETY SIGN Overview

Environmental & Facility SAFETY SIGN Overview. IEEE IAS 2000 San Antonio, TX Bob Rafferty - DuPont / Global Services Business / Engineering February 16, 2000. Electrical Safety Workshop. Agenda. Guiding Standards Types of Safety Signs Signal words Message words Symbols Color

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Environmental & Facility SAFETY SIGN Overview

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  1. Environmental & Facility SAFETY SIGNOverview IEEE IAS 2000 San Antonio, TX Bob Rafferty - DuPont / Global Services Business / Engineering February 16, 2000 Electrical Safety Workshop

  2. Agenda • Guiding Standards • Types of Safety Signs • Signal words • Message words • Symbols • Color • Examples IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

  3. Safety Sign - Definition • A visual alerting device in the form of a sign, label, decal, placard or other marking which advises the observer of the nature and degree of the potential hazard(s) which can cause an accident. It may also provide other directions to eliminate or reduce the hazard and advise of the probable consequences of no avoiding the hazard. IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

  4. SAFETY SIGNS & COLORSApplicable Standards • ANSI Z535.1 - Safety Color Code • ANSI Z535.2 - Environmental & Facility Safety Signs • ANSI Z535.3 - Criteria for Safety Symbols • ANSI Z535.4 - Product Safety Signs and Labels • ANSI Z535.5 - Accident Prevention Tags IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

  5. Safety Signs(what has changed) ANSI Z535 volumes 1 through 5 were revised in 1998. Major changes include: • Change in sign format and layout • Safety alert and other symbols • Signal Words (four that are most important to the electrical community) • Quantifying use of signal words IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

  6. Categories of Safety Signs • Environmental safety sign: Sign or placard in a work or public area that provides safety information about the immediate environment. (will be addressed) • Product safety sign: Sign, label, or decal affixed to a product that provides hazard and safety information about that product. (not addressed) IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

  7. Classification of Safety Signs(three tier personnel injury hazard classification & others) • DANGER • WARNING • CAUTION • NOTICE • SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS • FIRE SAFETY & DIRECTIONAL SIGNS (not discussed) IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

  8. Safety Sign Format(Normally made up of two or three “Panels”) • Signal word panel: Contains signal word. Also contains safety alert symbol for personnel hazards. • Message panel: Contains those words relating to: Identification of the hazard, how to avoid the hazard, and/or the probable consequence of not avoiding the hazard. • Symbol/Pictorial panel: Contains symbol IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

  9. Two-panel sign format Signal Word Panel Word Message ____________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

  10. Three-Panel Sign Format(Layout can vary) Signal Word Panel Word message Symbol/Pictorial Panel IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

  11. Safety Alert ! • It is used to alert to potential personal injury hazards. Obey all safety messages that follow to avoid possible injury or death. IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

  12. Danger - Signal word panel(ANSI 535.2) • DANGER: Imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury. DANGER ! IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

  13. Danger - Alternate signal word panel(ANSI 535.2, for Danger only) • DANGER: Imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury. DANGER IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

  14. Warning - Signal word panel(ANSI 53.1, ANSI 535.2) • WARNING: Potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury. • Alternate (older) black letters, on safety orange truncated triangle, on a black background. WARNING ! IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

  15. Caution - Signal word panel #1(ANSI 53.1, ANSI 535.2) • CAUTION: Potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, may result in minor or moderate injury. • Alternate safety yellow on black background CAUTION ! IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

  16. Caution - Signal word panel #2(ANSI 53.1, ANSI 535.2) • Used without the safety alert symbol indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, may result in property damage. CAUTION IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

  17. Notice - Signal word panel • NOTICE: Signs used to indicate a statement of company policy or information indirectly related to the safety of personnel or protection of property. NOTICE IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

  18. General Safety-Signal word panel • Indicates general instructions relative to safe work practices, reminders of proper safety procedures, or location of safety equipment. SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

  19. Word Message Panel • Communicates information to an observer on the type of hazard, the consequence of not avoiding the hazard and how to avoid the hazard. • Some factors to consider: • Can the hazard be inferred by the symbol? • Reaction time required to avoid the hazard? • Target audiences knowledge of the hazard? IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

  20. Formatting the word message(use “headline style”) • Omit pronouns (this, that, they) , articles (a, the, an), verbs (is, are, were) • Headline style Message examples: Hazardous voltage inside Keep out! Keep access door locked IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

  21. Ordering the content of word message (example) Keep OutAvoidance or action Statement Hazardous Voltage inside Type of Hazard Statement Can shock, burnConsequence Statement or cause death IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

  22. Action Statement • Tells the viewer how to avoid the hazard • Statement should be simple, direct and applicable to the hazard • Examples: Keep out! Wear hard hats Keep away No smoking Call before you dig IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

  23. Hazard description statement • Identify the hazard in clear simple language • Action and consequence can be omitted if obvious (such as “slippery when wet”) • Examples: Hazardous voltage inside Buried underground cables More than one source of voltage IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

  24. Consequence statement • Tells the viewer in clear, simple language what will happen if the warning is ignored. • Examples: • Can shock, burn, or cause death • Will disrupt electrical service • Can irritate skin • Can cause serious burns • Exposure can cause nausea, and dizziness IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

  25. Symbols / pictorial panel(ANSI Z535.3-1998) • SYMBOL: Graphic representation intended to covey a message. May represent a hazard, hazardous situation or precaution to avoid a hazard, the result of not avoiding the hazard of any combination of these messages. IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

  26. Typical Symbol • Symbols - Recognition by a multi-ethnic, highly mobile, population derived from a multiplicity of social and educational backgrounds, with different reading skills and word comprehension. Electrical Hand with wire Electrical Body with wire IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

  27. Typical Symbol (cont’d) • Other electrical symbols - Use only with supplementary word messages (50 - 83% recognition testing) IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

  28. Safety Sign Color (recommended panel color schemes, all alternates not shown) DANGER Signal word: White letters on a safety red background, safety red exclamation mark (Alternate): White letters on safety red oval with white outline on black rectangle Message word : Black or red letters on white background, or white letters on black background Symbol/pictorial:Black, safety red, or black and safety red on a white background WARNING Signal word: Black letters on a safety orange background, safety orange exclamation mark (Alternate): Black letters within a safety orange truncated diamond on a black background Message word: Black letters on a white background, or white letters on a black background Symbol/pictorial: Black symbol on a white background. Alternate safety orange. background CAUTION Signal word: Black letters on a safety yellow background, safety yellow exclamation mark (Alternate): Black letters within a safety orange truncated diamond on a black background Message word: Black letters on a white background, or white letters on a black background Symbol/pictorial: Black symbol on a white background. Alternate safety yellow background. IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

  29. Danger Sign - Example(Based on interpretation of ANSI Z535.1-1997 / replaces Z53.1-1979) • Example safety sign with message panel where hazard may not be clearly understood. Safety Alert symbol (optional with message) Signal Word (degree of hazard) DANGER ! Hazard statement (can also be avoidance statement) Hazardous Voltage Inside Consequence hazard Will cause death or serious injury Change “will” to “could” changes signal word to “WARNING”. IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

  30. Caution Sign - Example • Identify source of hazard where opening the supply disconnect does not remove all sources of hazardous voltages ! CAUTION CONTAINS 120Vac FROM MORE THAN ONE SOURCE (CONSULT SCHEMATIC (S) ______________ ) CONTAINS 120Vac FROM MORE THAN ONE SOURCE (CONSULT SCHEMATIC (S) ______________ ) IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

  31. Arc-Flash / PPE Label • Example of a PPE label attached to the front of electrical equipment. (based onNFPA 70E-1995) EQUIPMENT NAME ___________________________________________ POWER SOURCE LOCATION __________________________________ EQUIPMENT RATING ________ VOLT __ PHASE FLASH HAZARD BOUNDARY _______ inches PPE LEVEL ____ SHOCK HAZARD BOUNDARY: LIMITED APPROACH ________ inches RESTRICTED APPROACH ____ inches PROHIBITIED APPROACH ____ inches EQUIPMENT NAME ___________________________________________ POWER SOURCE LOCATION __________________________________ EQUIPMENT RATING ________ VOLT __ PHASE FLASH HAZARD BOUNDARY _______ inches PPE LEVEL ____ SHOCK HAZARD BOUNDARY: LIMITED APPROACH ________ inches RESTRICTED APPROACH ____ inches PROHIBITIED APPROACH ____ inches IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

  32. Arc-Flash / PPE Label(ANSI Z535.2, clauses 4.12.4, and 5.4.1) • Example of a PPE label attached to the front of electrical equipment. (based onNFPA 70E-1995) NOTICE EQUIPMENT NAME ___________________________________________ POWER SOURCE LOCATION __________________________________ EQUIPMENT RATING ________ VOLT __ PHASE FLASH HAZARD BOUNDARY _______ inches PPE LEVEL ____ SHOCK HAZARD BOUNDARY: LIMITED APPROACH ________ inches RESTRICTED APPROACH ____ inches PROHIBITIED APPROACH ____ inches IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

  33. Arc-Flash -Incident Energy Label • Changes to NFPA 70E arc-flash incident energy calculation may be required. • At this time, there is not a recognized label that could be attached to equipment. • Forms available in the back of the room to propose a label to NFPA. Chance to directly influence a standard. IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

  34. Danger Sign Example - More than one language DANGER PELIGRO PROHIBIDA LA ENTRADA ALTO VOLTAJE KEEP OUT HIGH VOLTAGE IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

  35. Closing - We discussed • Guiding Standards • Types of Safety Signs • Signal words • Message words • Symbols • Color • Examples IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

  36. Alert the hazard ! DANGER PELIGRO PROHIBIDA LA ENTRADA ALTO VOLTAJE KEEP OUT HIGH VOLTAGE IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

  37. Comments made during presentation • NEC article 490-2 defines high voltage as more then 600 volts. Use this as a guide in using the signal word “High Voltage”. • Similarly, voltages in the range of 50 to 600 volts should use the signal word “Hazardous Voltage”. • NEC 110-34(c) requires all buildings, rooms or enclosures containing exposed live parts or exposed conductors operating at over 600 voltage to have a warning sign “Danger - High Voltage - Keep Out” (also see NEC 225-50, and NEC 230-203) • Since the signal word “Danger” is probably overused in industry, consider using “Warning” (orange) signs to alert personnel of the hazard boundary during maintenance work procedures. • Also refer to NFPA-70E IEEE IAS 2000 - Electrical Safety Workshop - Safety signs

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