Photosynthesis

1. Photosynthesis

2. Elodea Experiment • In this experiment we will explore what is known as plant pearling, a process that occurs in aquatic plant species as a result of photosynthesis. • Plant pearling is when bubbles of oxygen accumulate on the leaves of plants and sometimes float to the top of the aquarium like in a glass of campaign. • It’s a sign that you have a healthy environment in your aquarium.

3. Elodea Experiment • http://youtu.be/40Zwv1oxAXU • Elodea Experiment

4. Photosynthesis • Photosynthesis is the process by which a cell captures energy and uses it to make food. • Almost all living things obtain energy either directly or indirectly from the energy of sunlight that is captured during photosynthesis.

5. Photosynthesis • Plants make their own food through the process of photosynthesis. • An organism that makes its own food is called an autotroph.

6. Photosynthesis • http://www.neok12.com/php/watch.php?v=zX4b7a504d047d5b6e660173&t=Photosynthesis

7. Photosynthesis • An organism that cannot make its own food is called a heterotroph. • Many heterotrophs obtain food by eating other organisms.

8. Photosynthesis • During photosynthesis, plants and some other organisms absorb energy from the sun and use the energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars and oxygen.

9. Photosynthesis • Photosynthesis occurs mostly in the leaves of plants where the chloroplasts, green organelles in plant cells are. • Chlorophyll is a pigment in chloroplasts that is responsible for photosynthesis.

10. Photosynthesis • During stage 1, water in the chloroplasts is split into hydrogen and oxygen. • The oxygen is given off as a waste product as seen in aquatic plants undergoing the process of pearling. • The oxygen exits the leaf through openings on its underside.

11. Photosynthesis • During Stage 2 of photosynthesis cells use the hydrogen that was split off from the water, energy from the sun, and the carbon dioxide from the air to produce sugars. • Some of these sugars are used to give plants energy while others are stored.

12. Cellular Respiration • During cellular respiration, cells break down glucose and other molecules from food in the presence of oxygen to release energy. • Breathing removes the waste product of cellular respiration (carbon dioxide) from your body.

13. Cellular Respiration • During the first stage of cellular respiration the molecule of glucose (the sugar) is broken down in the cytoplasm of the cell. • Then, in the second stage, oxygen is used to break down molecules even more to produce energy. • The second stage of cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell.

14. Powering the Cell: Mitochondria • This is what it looks like inside of your cell as cellular respiration is occurring right now. • http://youtu.be/RrS2uROUjK4

15. Comparing Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis

16. Fermentation • Some organisms can live in the absence of oxygen through a process called fermentation. • Fermentation is an process in which cells release energy from food without using oxygen. • Making cheese is a process that uses fermentation • http://youtu.be/776I-YD6jDo

17. Fermentation • Alcoholic fermentation is a type of fermentation that occurs in yeast and other single-celled organisms. • It produces alcohol, carbon dioxide and some energy. • Bakers and brewers use yeast to make bread rise and drinks sparkle.

18. Fermentation • What evidence can you see of a product of alcoholic fermentation in this picture?

19. Fermentation • Lactic Acid Fermentation occurs in your muscles when you exercise when your muscle cells use oxygen faster than it can be replaced. • A product of this type of fermentation is lactic acid.

20. Fermentation • When lactic acid builds up in your muscles, your muscles feel weak and sore. • Later, when your cells get more oxygen, the lactic acid will break down and the pain will go away.