Shawn E. Kise, MS student, BSN, RN NUR 707 Wright State University College of Nursing and Health

1. What effect does food insecurity and barriers to physical activity have on body mass index of low income-women? Shawn E. Kise, MS student, BSN, RN NUR 707 Wright State University College of Nursing and Health March 8th 2010

2. Problem Statement Prevalence and trend reports have continuously shown an increase in obesity in women over the past several decades and remains a major threat among lower-income women. Purpose Statement The purpose of this quantitative research study is to examine the influence of food security using the U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module, and barriers to physical activity level affects body mass index among low-income women.

3. Research Questions and Variables • What is the relationship between food insecurity and BMI in low-income adult females in the Dayton, Ohio area? • What is the relationship between barriers to physical activity and BMI in low-income adult females in the Dayton, Ohio area? • Independent Variables – Food insecurity and barriers to physical activity. • Dependent Variable – BMI

4. Potential funding sources • NIH Small Grant Program • Sigma Theta Tau • International Small Grant • Zeta Phi Chapter Awards and Grants

5. Background and significance • M.S. Townsend, J. Peerson, B. Love, C. Achterberg, and S.P. Murpy (2001) • C.F. Boveand C.M. Olson (2006) • K.C. Jordan, J.H. Freeland-Graves, D.M. Klohe-Lehman, G. Cai, V.S. Voruganti, J.M. Profit, H.J. Nuss, T.J. Milani, and T.M. Bohman (2008)

6. Background and significance • V.J. Cleland, K. Ball, J. Salmon, A.F. Timperio, and D.A. Crawford (2010) • S. Ahn, C. Huber, M.L. Smith, M.G Ory, and C.D. Phillips (2011) • R. Miles and L. Panton (2006)

7. Background and significance • P.B. Ford and D.A. Dzewaltowski (2011) • S.B. Jilcott, E.D. Wall-Basset, S.C. Burke, and J.B. Moore (2011)

8. Background and significance • K.W. Dammann and C. Smith(2011) • H.A. Eicher-Miller, A.C. Mason, A.R. Abbott, G.P. McCabe, and C.J. Boushey (2009)

9. Theoretical Frame work • Social Cognitive Theory • Posits that portions of an individual's knowledge acquisition can be directly related to observing others within the context of social interactions, experiences, and outside media influences.

10. Theoretical Frame work • Nola Pender’s Health Promotion Model • To help increase the patient’s level of wellbeing and takes into account the multivariable nature of the person and the environment in which they live to gain better health.

11. Research Plan • Research Methods • This quantitative, descriptive correlational study will examine the correlation between food insecurity and barriers to physical activity to body mass index among low-income women in the Dayton area.

12. Research Plan • Setting • This study will take place in the Medicaid office located in the Job and Family Services agency building and the four WIC office locations in this county. • Accessible Population are all the low-income women in this county. • Target Population are the low-income women that used the above offices during the collection period of this study.

13. Research Plan • Sample and sampling plan • The sampling plan is a purposive, convenience sample. Snowball sampling will also be used if the researcher is unable to obtain the projected number of participants into the study. The total number of participants in this study is 30. Oversampling will occur by 60% to account for attrition (N = 48). Oversampling by 60% was determined by the high attrition rates for mail surveys.

14. Research Plan • Inclusion/exclusion criteria • Inclusion criteria for this study are as follows: (1) participants must be female; (2) be between the ages of 18 to 65 years of age; and (3) must have a total household income up to 185% of the Federal Poverty Income Guidelines. • Exclusion criteria include: (1) anyone who is not female; (2) those who are < 18 and > 65 years of age; and (3) any female with a total household income of more than 185% of the Federal Poverty Income Guidelines.

15. Research Plan • Recruitment/procedure • Community flyers will be posted in the Job and Family Services building and the WIC offices. • Medicaid and WIC office staff will be instructed by the researcher to inform the women who meet the criteria of the study during their appointments.

16. Research Plan • Recruitment/procedure con’t. • Staff will administer the study material to the women that want to participate in a quite and private area at the offices. • Women who do not have time to complete the study at the office but would like to participate will fill out an information card and will be contacted by the researcher via phone. • Women that contact the researcher from the community flyer will be contacted by the researcher via phone.

17. Research plan • Ethical consideration • Explanation of the procedure, risks, benefits, confidentiality, and the right not to participate will be in writing on the informed consent. • Approval will be obtained through the Wright State University IRB as well as from the directors overseeing the WIC and Medicaid programs.

18. Research plan • Ethical consideration con’t. • Confidentiality and anonymity will be kept. • The researcher has recently completed the CITI training for “Human Subjects”. • Participants will receive a $10 VISA gift card.

19. Research plan • Data collection procedures • The United States Department of Agriculture’s 18-item Household Food Security Survey Module will be used to measure food security. • A15-item questionnaire to assess barriers to physical activity. • The socio-demographic questionnaire will ask participants their age, race/ethnicity, height, weight, income, education level, marital status, number of total household members, and the number of children under 18 years of age living in the home.

20. Research plan • Data analysis procedures • Non-parametric measures include: mean, median, range, standard deviation, percentage, and frequency. • The most appropriate parametric measurements for this study are: Pearson’s r correlation to test the relationships between two variables. • Data entry and interpretation will be done by the Wright State University Statistical Consultation Center in consultation with the researcher and faculty advisor in the College of Nursing and Health.

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