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Explore what effluent is, where it's generated, and why treatment is crucial. Learn about the treatment process stages, environmental implications, and challenges in recycling effluent. Discover solutions to mitigate environmental issues and promote water quality.
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What is Effluent ? • Effluent is "wastewater - treated or untreated - that flows out of a treatment plant, sewer, or industrial outfall. … by the United States Environmental Protection Agency
Where is it generated? • Treatment plants • Industrial Sites • Sewer • Homes
Why Treatment • To remove pollutants from waste water for its possible recycling or discharge • To promote health concern and public hygiene • To prevent or delay the deterioration of receiving water bodies • Preservation of Aquatic life and wildlife habitat • To promote recreation and quality of life
What are the implications • Hasten the deterioration of receiving water bodies • May increase salinity, alkalinity and/or toxicity in the soil • Affects both growth and metabolism of plants • May cause decline in soil microbial activity and yield loss. • Disrupt the physicochemical properties of soil
How is the Treatment Process ? Basically, three main stages are involved: • Primary • Secondary • Tertiary
Process Flow Chart Waste water entry to plant Discharge to Rivers Screening and Grit Removal Primary Clarifier Biological Treatment Secondary Clarifier Filtration Ultraviolet process
Preliminary Treatment • Physical process for the removal of large solids such as: • Rags • Sticks • Grit • Grease etc. …to prevent damage or result in operational problems
Stage 1: Primary Treatment • Physical/Biological process involving the removal of: • Floating and settleable materials such as suspended solids and organic matter …by physical separation of grit and large objects
Stage 2: Secondary Treatment • Utilizes Biological/chemical process to remove: • Biodegradable organic matter • Suspended solids … About 85% of the suspended solids and BOD can be removed by a well running plant …micro organisms convert non-settleable solids into settleable solids
Stage 3: Tertiary Treatment • Removal of residual suspended solids/ dissolved solids • It can be achieved through: -Chlorination -Ultraviolet light -Ozonation … can remove more than 99% of all the impurities producing an effluent of almost drinking-water quality
Effluent recycling : Why a challenge? • Lack of highly efficient and economic treatment technology • Awareness/ignorance • Lack of stringent conditions and enforcement • Lack of employee trainingto better their knowledge about waste reduction • High (overdosing) quantities of chemicals utilized etc.
Prevention/Possible Solutions to Environmental issues associated with waste Effluent • Strict Government law • On the spot checks by Federal Environmental Protection Agency • Treatment process must be put in place before trial production for industrial unit • Effluents from industries must be diluted to avoid their adverse effect on soil • Regular toxicity tests on industrial effluent is required • Ensure pollution level must not exceed quality standards