Increasing Endoscopic Surgery Effectiveness in Veterinary Students

1. Increasing Endoscopic Surgery Effectiveness in Veterinary Students Endoscopic Surgeries

2. Endoscopy Recent advances in fiber optics have made endoscopy more available. Is now pervasive in nearly all surgical areas. (Tanoue et al., 2010; Tsang et al., 2008)

3. Endoscopy Benefits: Reduced mortality Diminished recovery time (Neequaye et al., 2007) )

4. Endoscopy Strong spatial skills are required on the part of the surgeon. (Wanzel, Hamstra, Anastakis, Matsumoto, & Cusimano, 2002 )

5. Question: Do interventions designed to improve spatial skills also improve performance on endoscopic techniques?

6. Question: Do interventions designed to improve spatial skills also improve performance on endoscopic techniques; specifically-would including sketching and sculpting in the curricula help spatial skills?

7. Highly Visual Training Techniques Multiple encoding strategies can increase performance. (Carr, 2007)

8. The Endoscope The endoscope consists of a long tube inserted into the patient through either an orifice or small incision.

9. The Endoscope The handpiece provides the surgeon with the ability to move the distal end of the endoscope.

10. The Endoscope The surgeon controls the orientation of the lens located at the distal end of the endoscope.

11. The Endoscope The surgeon controls the orientation of the lens located at the distal end of the endoscope. This ability to change orientation in all directions requires that the surgeon have strong spatial skills. (Pasqualotto & Newell, 2007)

12. A group of surgical residents were assessed with visual-spatial tests, including mental rotation tests, prior to completing a novel surgical task. They could have been reliably divided into high and low performers based on their score. Importance of Spatial Skills

13. A group of surgical residents were assessed with visual-spatial tests, including mental rotation tests, prior to completing a novel surgical task. They could have been reliably divided into high and low performers based on their score. The students who scored highest were the most successful in completing more complex surgery, in which they had had the least prior instruction. (Wenzel et al., 2002) Importance of Spatial Skills

14. A longitudinal study conducted from 1976 to 1983 at the University of Winwatersrand demonstrated a “firm and consistent link between three dimensional spatial perception and academic performance in the first-year engineering graphics course.” Importance of Spatial Skills

15. A longitudinal study conducted from 1976 to 1983 at the University of Winwatersrand demonstrated a “firm and consistent link between three dimensional spatial perception and academic performance in the first-year engineering graphics course.” Engineering and medicine are similar in that each requires a working knowledge of highly complex systems and the ability to envisage the outcomes of interventions. (Potter et al., 2009) Importance of Spatial Skills

16. If individuals have developed a more complete mental model than their peers they may be able to perform at a higher level. (Garg, Norman, & Sperotable, 2001) Training of Spatial Skills

17. Two groups were presented with the same anatomical structures. One group had the ability to rotate it at will, and the other was only able to view from predetermined views. The group with the allowance of rotation showed a better spatial understanding of the bones regardless of gender or age. (Garg, Norman, & Sperotable, 2001) Training of Spatial Skills (Hegarty, Kriz, & Cate, 2003)

18. There are advanced tools for measuring for how long it takes to complete an endoscopic task. The path of the scope is measured in X, Y, and Z axes and then compared to an optimal path determined by experts. (Egi & Okajima, 2008; Tanoue et al., 2010). Measurement of Skills

19. Two consecutive years of students at The University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine. (~96 per year) Enrolled in LAMS/SAMS 8130 Endoscopic Surgical Techniques The Research

20. Two consecutive years of students at The University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine. (~96 per year) Enrolled in LAMS/SAMS 8130 Endoscopic Surgical Techniques Year One Collect data on performance on novel endoscopic procedure. (Egi & Okajima, 2008) Year Two Include sketching and sculpting in coursework prior to completion of novel endoscopic procedure. The Research

21. Both classes of students will be evaluated using the HUESAD assessment tool, which measures the surgical path and the time required to complete the task. (Egi & Okajima, 2008) If a significant improvement is shown in the HUESAD scores we can conclude that it was caused by the intervention. The Research

22. Bibliography

24. Potter, C., Kaufman, W., Delacour, J., Mokone, M., van der Merwe, E., & Fridjhon, P. (2009). Three dimensional spatial perception and academic performance in engineering graphics: a longitudinal investigation. South African Journal of Psychology, 39(1), 109-121. doi:Article