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Chapter 10 DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis

Chapter 10 DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis. Watson & Crick. During the 1950’s James Watson – American Biologist Francis Crick – British Graduate Student tried to determine the structure of DNA. 1953: they came up with the structure - DNA is made up of 2 strands - double helix shape

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Chapter 10 DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis

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  1. Chapter 10DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis

  2. Watson & Crick • During the 1950’s • James Watson – American Biologist • Francis Crick – British Graduate Student • tried to determine the structure of DNA 1953: they came up with the structure - DNA is made up of 2 strands - double helix shape - they relied on other scientists to develop their DNA model

  3. Wilkins & Franklin Maurice Wilkins – English physicist and molecular biologist Rosalind Franklin - British biophysicist, physicist, chemist, biologist and X-ray crystallographer - took X-ray diffraction photographers of DNA crystals

  4. Chargaff In 1949 Erwin Chargaff – American Chemist • discovered the key that lead to the understanding of DNA structure • same amount of A as T • same amount of G as C • was key because it means that there is base pairing Pyrimidine = contains single ring (T & C) Purine = contains double ring (A & G)

  5. Nobel Prize Winners IN 1962 James Watson Francis Crick Maurice Wilkins Why not Rosalind Franklin? Franklin died in 1958 and could not receive the award, only the living can get a Nobel Prize

  6. Replication • Complimentary base pairs allow for: • hydrogen bonds that help hold the 2 strands of DNA molecule together • helps explain how DNA replicates before a cell divides (one strand can serve as a template for making a new complimentary strand)

  7. What is DNA replication? DNA replication = process by which DNA is copied in a cell before a cell divides by mitosis, meiosis, or binary fission

  8. What basically occurs? • The two nucleotide strands of the original double helix separate along the strands. • Each strand serves as a template to make new complimentary strands. • After replication • -2 identical double stranded DNA molecules separate and move to new cells formed during cell division.

  9. Steps of Replication helicases = enzymes that separate the DNA strands - Helicases move along DNA molecule, breaking hydrogen bonds, allowing the 2 strands of DNA helix to split

  10. Steps of Replication 2. DNA polymerase = enzymes that add complimentary nucleotides to each of the original strands - they are free floating in nucleus - hydrogen bonds are formed

  11. Steps of Replication 3. DNA polymerases finish replicating the DNA and fall off, resulting in 2 separate and identical DNA molecules that are ready to move to new cells during cell division

  12. Semi-Conseravtive Replication • - 1 strand is new and 1 strand is the original • - each (combination) kept (conserved) one of the 2 original strands • Replication occurs in many locations otherwise it would take 53 days to replicate • DNA ligase = enzyme that joins the gaps

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