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Standard 3: Causes of the American Revolution

Standard 3: Causes of the American Revolution. Tension in the New World French & Indian War Notes (1754-1763). Worlds Colliding in North America. In the mid-1700s, these groups struggled for control of North America. The British. The American Indians. The colonists. The French.

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Standard 3: Causes of the American Revolution

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  1. Standard 3: Causes of the American Revolution Tension in the New World French & Indian War Notes (1754-1763)

  2. Worlds Colliding in North America • In the mid-1700s, these groups struggled for control of North America. The British The American Indians The colonists The French

  3. European Rivalsin North America • Great Britain, France, & Spain all had North American colonies. • The claims of each North American power overlapped.

  4. IMPERIALISM • In 1740s, both French and English interested in Ohio River Valley • The river gave the French quicker access to the Mississippi River, which led south to Louisiana & had rich, fertile soil. • British fur traders and land speculators also claimed territory in the region

  5. IMPERIALISM • the practice of extending the power, control or rule by one country over areas outside its borders • (Example: France wanted to extend its control of the fur trade in the New World, British wanted to secure more land in the New World)

  6. FRENCH & INDIAN WAR • French built Fort Duquesne to block British claims to the region • In 1754, Governor of Virginia called on a young George Washington to expel the French with a militia army • Washington & his militia set up an outpost 40 miles away from Fort Duquesne called Fort Necessity • Washington met resistance and was forced to surrender • This is the beginning of the war

  7. FRENCH & INDIAN WAR • Representatives from the colonies met at the Albany Conferencein June 1754 • Benjamin Franklin proposed the Albany Plan of Union – called for the colonies to unite under one federal government • Plan was rejected, but effort proved that colonies were beginning to consider uniting for common defense

  8. FRENCH & INDIAN WAR • One year after his defeat, Washington heads into battle again, but this time as an aide to the British to drive the French out of the Ohio Valley. • The French & their Native American allies ambushed the British causing them to flee. • Washington showed courage, but weaknesses in the British army caused many colonists to question their competence.

  9. FRENCH & INDIAN WAR • Other Native American tribes joined the French forces • For 2 years, the French and their Native American allies battled the British • 1756: war spreads to Europe - Seven Years’ War • French & Indian War = Seven Years War

  10. FRENCH & INDIAN WAR • William Pitt, a British politician, sent troops to North America & took over control of the British troops • They began winning battles & the Iroquois decided to support them. • The Iroquois were also interested in fighting rivals Native tribes that were fighting with the French • Quebec seized by the British in 1761 – turning point of war in North America

  11. TREATY OF PARIS, 1763 • War finally ended in 1763 with the Treaty of Paris • French power eliminated in North America • Spain surrendered control of Florida in exchange for Cuba and the Philippines • (because Spain entered the war late to try to help the French) • French gave control of New Orleans and all of western Louisiana to Spain

  12. PRE-Treaty of Paris POST-Treaty of Paris

  13. COLONIAL DISCONTENT • British borrowed enormous amounts of money to finance the French and Indian War • Officials wanted the colonies to pay for part of the war • New financial policies upset the colonists and set the two sides on a path towards confrontation

  14. NATIVE AMERICAN DISCONTENT • 1763: Pontiac, chief of the Ottawa people, led a war against the British • Native Americans attacked forts and towns along the Western frontier • Why would the Native Americans join together and attack the British frontier?

  15. PROCLAMATION OF 1763 • British could not afford another war • Solution: Proclamation of 1763 • Prohibited westward expansion beyond an imaginary line extending along the crest of the Appalachian Mountains • This enraged farmers and land speculators who wanted to expand in search of more land

  16. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS • How did the Proclamation of 1763 put Great Britain and the colonies on a direct path to confrontation? • What did the British gain from their victory in the French and Indian War? • Who fought alongside the French in the French and Indian War? • What was the significance of the Albany Plan of Union?

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