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Radiation studies and operational experiences during the COMPASS DY run

Explore radiation studies, electronics limits, COMPASS++ program, and future plans during the COMPASS-DY run. Learn about human and electronics challenges in this beamline operation.

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Radiation studies and operational experiences during the COMPASS DY run

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  1. Radiation studies and operational experiences during the COMPASS DY run Impression of the M2 beam line leading to the COMPASS experiment Maarten van Dijk (EN-EA-LE) 10-02-2019

  2. Introduction • The M2 beamline for EHN2 • The COMPASS experiment for Drell-Yan (2015, 2018) • Small disclaimer: not a COMPASS member or expert • Brief introduction of experiment, some DY references included in backup slides • Operational experience with COMPASS • Human limits: Radiation simulations performed for COMPASS • Electronics limits: Radiation induced upsets • COMPASS++ / AMBER • Future program • RF separated beams COMPASS Drell-Yan

  3. The M2 beamline @ CERN • Secondary beam derived from SPS primary protons (400 GeV/c) • Three main operation modes • High-energy, high-intensity muon beam • Normally up to ~200 GeV/c, higher possible but flux drops rapidly • High-intensity secondary hadron beam • Momenta up to 280 GeV/c possible (flux set by RP constraints) • Low-energy, low-intensity (and low-quality) in-situ electron calibration beam. COMPASS Drell-Yan

  4. M2 beamline for DY – properties BEND 6 EHN2 Hadron absorber T6 Scrapers π,K µ p 600 m 400 m Muon Cleaning Section Hadron Decay Section COMPASS Drell-Yan

  5. Hadron beam particle identification • Nominal beam at COMPASS (190 GeV/c): 96.8% π-, 2.4% K-, 0.8% p • Beam particles tagged by means of CEDAR The COMPASS setup for physics with hadron beams, P. Abbon et al., NIM A vol. 779, pp. 69-115 (2015) COMPASS Drell-Yan

  6. The COMPASS spectrometer Polarised SIDIS Exotic states, chiral dynamics Hadron Spectroscopy & Polarisability COMPASS-I 1997-2011 3D hadron structure  Proton spin decomposition  (spin crisis)  Polarised Drell-Yan DVCS (GPDs) + unp. SIDIS COMPASS-II 2012-2020 O. DenisovPBC Annual workshop 16-17 Jan. 2019 COMPASS Drell-Yan

  7. COMPASS Drell-Yan setup • 190 GeV/c pion beam • Polarised NH3 target • Hadron absorber with central tungsten plug D. Platchkov, “Dimuon production and Nuclear Effects”, presented at Exposing Novel Quark and Gluon Effects in Nuclei, 16-20 April 2018, Trento, Italy. COMPASS Drell-Yan

  8. COMPASS in EHN2 COMPASS Drell-Yan

  9. Radiation studies for COMPASS • Prompt dose rate monitoring study performed during COMPASS DY run in summer 2018 (C. Ahdida, M. Casolino, H. Morimoto) • Motivation: beam intensity increased w.r.t. DY-run in 2015 • Goal was to characterize fully the ambient dose rates in and around the EHN2 hall • Summer student project (S. Cholak, summer 2018) • FLUKA simulation of the M2 beamline and the EHN2 hall • Based on existing simulation of EHN2 hall only (A. Maggiora, H. Vincke) • Complementary to dose rate survey • Impact of fluence on electronics • Motivation: upsets in electronics • Studied during COMPASS DY run in 2015 (S. Danzeca, R2E) COMPASS Drell-Yan

  10. FLUKA model of COMPASS and M2 • Full model of ground, shielding and magnets (including B-fields) • From momentum selecting bend forward (ensure to include as background) COMPASS Drell-Yan

  11. Simulated dose equivalent rates • Beam intensity set to maximum expected in EHN2 hall • Evaluated statistical error to ensure good coverage • Relatively small contribution from CEDAR detectors • Absorber dominant COMPASS Drell-Yan

  12. Overview of EHN2 RP survey Target SM1 CEDARs Absorber SM2 Measurements performed by CERN RPC. Ahdida, M. Casolino, H. MorimotoEDMS 2006094 COMPASS Drell-Yan

  13. Dose equivalent rate results • Comparison of dose rates from measurements and simulation • Almost all points in reasonable agreement • COMPASS control room (previously near F3/F4) moved away from EHN2 in 2012 COMPASS Drell-Yan

  14. Comparison of radiation regimes at CERN S. Danzeca, R2E, CERN ISS Sea Level Space & Deep Space Avionic COTS Systems Hardened Electronics Electronics Damage CustomBoards with COTS COMPASS Drell-Yan

  15. Measured impact on COMPASS S. Danzeca, R2E, CERN • Six weeks of measurements (2015) • Mobile battery powered BatMon monitoring system ISS Sea Level Space & Deep Space Avionic COMPASS COMPASS Drell-Yan

  16. Electronics issues caused by radiation • Problems encountered in COMPASS due to radiation • Cumulative damage from total absorbed dose • Single event effects (single event upset, single event latchup, single event transient) • Cumulative effects: scales as total integrated dose (TID) • Caused mostly by thermal neutrons • Mitigated by shielding • Relevant throughout area • Single event effects • Caused mostly by high energy hadrons (HEH, from beam loss) • Particularly dangerous for PLC CPUs – need access to reset • Mitigate by shielding or placing PLC at distance from device where possible COMPASS Drell-Yan

  17. Mitigation strategy for electronic upsets • Some examples of measures taken in COMPASS to prevent / manage effects of radiation • Concrete shielding PLC CPU controlling the superconducting target magnet • If power lost, 36h downtime to bring back • Cross bridge concept for network switches • Remote controlled switches for power cycling equipment COMPASS Drell-Yan

  18. SeaQuest (E1039) and COMPASS DY beams • Beam properties not extremely different • Beam intensity four orders of magnitude different • Intensity of radiation perhaps more comparable to NA62 (beam power ~11.4kW)? COMPASS Drell-Yan

  19. The future: COMPASS++ / AMBER • Phase 1 (conventional) • Proton radius • Generalised parton distributions • Input for dark matter search • New particle search from p (20 GeV/c) • Phase 2 (RF separated) • Primakoff • Meson gluon PDFs • New particle search from kaons • Vector mesons Letter of Intent: A New QCD facility at the M2 beam line of the CERN SPS, COMPASS++/AMBER, arXiv:1808.00848v6 (2019). COMPASS Drell-Yan

  20. RF separated beams • Panofsky-Schnell-System with two cavities (CERN 68-29) • Particle species have same momenta but different velocities • Time-dependent transverse kick by RF cavities in dipole mode • RF1 kick compensated or amplified by RF2 • Selection of particle species by selection of phase difference • DF = 2p (L f / c) (b1-1 – b2-1) • For large momenta: b1-1 – b2-1 = (m12-m22)/2p2 COMPASS Drell-Yan

  21. RF separated beams • Currently available technology at CERN: Crab Cavities for LIU SPS upgrade (400 MHz superconducting dipole cavities) Assume availability of L=800m: pbar K 400 MHz pbar K Conclusion: crab cavity design so far not compatible with user requirements, new developments necessary 1.3 GHz E. Montbarbon, EN-EA-LE COMPASS Drell-Yan

  22. Conclusions • M2 beamline at CERN provides muon and hadron beams to the COMPASS experiment • Beam particle tagging by means of CEDAR • DY hadron beam properties: 190 GeV/c, contents 96.8 / 2.4 / 0.8 % of π-/K-/p- • Extensive radiation studies have been performed • Prompt dose rates have been simulated and measured in and around EHN2 • Mitigation strategy implemented for minimizing COMPASS downtime • Future of COMPASS well-defined: COMPASS++ / AMBER • Complete program of measurements has been proposed • RF separated beam proposed as main tool to drive physics COMPASS Drell-Yan

  23. Thank you! This research has been supported by a Marie Skłodowska-Curie COFUND project of the European Commission’s Horizon 2020 Programme under contract number 665779COFUND COMPASS Drell-Yan

  24. COMPASS DY references • Sivers asymmetry extracted in SIDIS at the hard scale of the Drell-Yan process at COMPASS, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2017.04.042 • First measurement of transverse-spin-dependent azimuthal asymmetries in the Drell-Yan process, http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.112002 • Nucleon spin structure studies in Drell–Yan process at COMPASS, PhD thesis J. Matoušek, Charles University, Prague, and University of Trieste, April 2018. COMPASS Drell-Yan

  25. Further information • Future of the M2 beam at CERN in the Physics Beyond Colliders Context, J. Bernhard, presented at International Workshop on Hadron Structure and Spectroscopy (IWHSS 2018), Bonn, Germany, March 19-21, 2018. https://indico.cern.ch/event/658983/contributions/2915104/ • Dimuon Production and Nuclear Effects, S. Platchkov, presented at Exposing Novel Quark and Gluon Effects in Nuclei (ECT*), Trento, Italy, April 16-20, 2018. https://indico.ectstar.eu/event/9/contributions/196/ • Status and plans of the COMPASS Experiment, J. Friedrich, presented at the 130th meeting of the SPSC, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, June 7-8, 2018. https://indico.cern.ch/event/730078/contributions/3008244/ • Recent SIDIS and Drell-Yan results from the COMPASS experiment, B. Parsamyan, presented at International Workshop on Spin Physics Experiments at NICA (SPIN-Praha-2018), Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, July 9–13, 2018. https://indico.jinr.ru/materialDisplay.py?contribId=23&sessionId=3&materialId=slides&confId=501 • COMPASS++, O. Denisov, presented at the Physics Beyond Colliders Annual Workshop, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, January 16-17, 2019. https://indico.cern.ch/event/755856/contributions/3260541/ COMPASS Drell-Yan

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