Adaptations

1. Adaptations

2. All organisms (living things) carry out the seven life functions MRS GREN • The way each animal and plant does these things is different depending on where they live – their habitat • For example: Movement A snake doesn’t move in the same way as a cheetah

3. Reproduction • A tree doesn’t reproduce in the same way as a fish

4. Nutrition • A kiwi gets it’s food differently to an eagle

5. These features that help an organism survive and reproduce are called adaptations

6. What is an adaptation? • Adaptations are features that an organism (living thing) has that help it to survive and reproduce in the environment that it lives in. • There are three types of adaptation: • Structural adaptation – a part of an organism that helps it carry out a life function • Physiological adaptation – a process inside an organism that helps it to survive • Behavioural adaptation – some activity that an animal does to help it survive

7. Adaptations • Adaptations are features that an organism (living thing) has that help it to survive and reproduce in the environment that it lives in. • There are three types of adaptation: • Structural adaptation – a part of an organism that helps it carry out a life function • Physiological adaptation – a chemical or process inside an organism that helps it to survive • Behavioural adaptation – some activity that an animal does to help it survive

8. Structural Adaptations • A structural adaptation involves part of an organisms body e.g. Dogs and sharks have sharp teeth for eating other animals (cutting, ripping, shredding)

9. Physiological Adaptations • A physiological adaptation involves processes occurring inside organisms e.g. Snakes and spiders create venom that they can use to help them catch prey to eat.

10. Physiological Adaptations • Gum tree leaves produce toxins (poisons) that stop grazing animals like possums from eating them

11. Behavioural Adaptations • An activity that an organism (living thing) does to help it survive e.g. Fish school up so that they are less likely to get eaten.

12. Behavioural Adaptations • Animals such as sheep and antelope live in flocks or herds so that they are less likely to get eaten • Prairie dog’s keep a lookout at all times to watch for predators

13. Behavioural Adaptations • Kiwi feed at night (nocturnal) because there are more insects and worms around for them to eat • Cats hunt at night because it is easier for them to catch their prey

14. Structural vs Behavioural Adaptations • Small fish living in a school - Behavioural • Birds migrating north in winter - Behavioural • Ducks have webbed feet - Structural • Cactus has needles for protection - Structural • Sharp claws on a bear - Structural • Long roots on a tree in a dessert that go deep in to the soil - Structural

15. Adaptations for Photosynthesis • Leaves have external and internal features which help them carry out photosynthesis. These features are called adaptations • Flat and wide to capture maximum sunlight • Thin to allow maximum light penetration • Veins transport water to and sugars from the leaves • Green colour is from the chlorophyll • Pores in the leaf let carbon dioxide and oxygen to move in and out of the leaf • Waxy surface limits water loss

16. Adaptations • Adaptations affect the survival of the organism • How it takes its food and oxygen • How it produces offspring Organisms that survive pass along their traits to the next generation (natural selection) Other organisms that do not have traits suitable to the environment may not survive or reproduce

17. Plant Adaptations