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Chapter 17, Section 1 – A World War Begins

Chapter 17, Section 1 – A World War Begins. Causes of War in Europe. Nationalism – extreme belief that your country is better than anyone else Imperialism – nations competing for trade and more colonies Alliances – groups of nations promised to protect each other

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Chapter 17, Section 1 – A World War Begins

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  1. Chapter 17, Section 1 – A World War Begins Causes of War in Europe • Nationalism – extreme belief that your country is better than anyone else • Imperialism – nations competing for trade and more colonies • Alliances – groups of nations promised to protect each other • Military build-up – nations did not trust each other; started an arms race to be the biggest military

  2. The Spark • Austria-HungaryEmpire was made up of many differentethnic groups • Bosniawas controlled by Austria-Hungary • Serbsliving in Bosnia wanted to belong to the Nation ofSerbia • This is an example ofNationalism

  3. Archduke Ferdinandwent toSarajevo(in Bosnia)in June 1914 • Part of a visit dealing with the annexation of Serbia by Austria-Hungary • While there, he isassassinatedby a Serbian terrorist (Gavrilo Princip) This is an example ofImperialism Video Clip

  4. Austria-Hungary declares war onSerbia • Russia(ally of Serbia) declares war on Austria-Hungary • Germany(ally of Austria-Hungary) declares war on Russia (Triple Alliance) • EnglandandFrance(ally of Russia) declare war on Germany (Triple Entente) Interactive map

  5. Central Powers and Allied Powers Central powers Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria Allied powers Great Britain, France, and Russia(Italyjoins in 1915;the U.S.joins in 1917)

  6. Trench Warfare • Both sides began todig trenchesin an attempt tohold onto territory • trenches stretched forhundreds of milesalong the Western Front • millions of soldierswould live and die in these muddy ditches

  7. The war was fought on theland, thesea, and in theair • main battleground wasEurope • the longest fighting took place on theWestern Front(France and Belgium) • Both sides hoped fora quick endto the fighting – but by theend of 1914, there was astalemate

  8. Between the trenches of each side was known as“no man’s land” • in order to attack, soldiers had tocrawl outandcross over“no man’s land” • Battle atSomme Riverlasted for 4 months • more than1 millionsoldiers were killed and/or wounded • neither side coulddefeat the other

  9. New Weapons of War • World War I saw the use of many newweapons of destruction • machine gun– could fire up to600bulletsper minute • tanks–“bulletproof”; could crawl overobstacles and trenches • submarines– could secretly attack and sinkships

  10. airplanes– observation;strategicbombing; naval warfare • poison gases– used to overcome the stalemate oftrenchwarfare • chlorine • phosgene • mustard gas • Casualties From Gas - The Numbers • Country Total Casualties Death • Austria-Hungary 100,000 3,000 • British Empire 188,706 8,109 • France 190,000 8,000 • Germany 200,000 9,000 • Italy 60,000 4,627 • Russia 419,340 56,000 • USA 72,807 1462 • Total1,230,853 90,189

  11. Key • Communication Trench • Machine Gun Nest • Underground Bunker • Traverse • Wire Break • Listening Post • + Trench Block

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