World War II

1. CHAPTER 30 World War II Section 1: Threats to World Peace Section 2: Hitler’s Aggressions Section 3: Axis Gains Section 4: The Soviet Union and the United States Section 5: The Holocaust Section 6: The End of the War

2. Section 1: Threats to World Peace Objectives: • Analyze why Japan and Italy were able to carry out aggressive territorial policies in the 1930s. • Explain why the League of Nations was unable to stop international aggression. • Describe how Spain’s civil war led to a fascist dictatorship there.

3. Section 1: Threats to World Peace Japanese Aggression in Asia • League of Nations didn’t protect China

4. Section 1: Threats to World Peace Italy’s Conquest of Ethiopia • League of Nations couldn’t protect Ethiopia since it had no armed forces • No major powers were willing to enforce League’s sanctions

5. Section 1: Threats to World Peace Civil War in Spain • Nationalists versus Loyalists – Nationalists were led by Franco; Republicans were Loyalists • Foreign assistance to Spain – antifascist countries supported Nationalists and defeated Loyalists; Franco created dictatorship

6. Section 2: Hitler’s Aggressions Objectives: • Explain how Hitler took over Austria and Czechoslovakia. • Discuss how and why Great Britain and France attempted to avoid another war. • Describe how Great Britain and France prepared for war. • Discuss why Hitler and Stalin created the Nazi-Soviet Pact, and how Western nations responded to Hitler’s invasion of Poland.

7. Section 2: Hitler’s Aggressions Austria and Czechoslovakia • Annexing Austria – Hitler invaded and declared Austria part of Third Reich • Crisis in the Sudetenland – Czechoslovakia declared martial law in response to riots • Appeasement – British and French leaders accepted Hitler’s demands to avoid conflict

8. Section 2: Hitler’s Aggressions Preparations for War • Negotiating with Stalin – Great Britain and France tried to make alliance with Soviets • The Nazi-Soviet Pact – stated that Germany and Soviet Union would never attack each other; secretly agreed to divide eastern Europe • Danzig and the Polish Corridor – Hitler invaded Poland to gain control of Danzig and Polish Corridor, in response Great Britain and France declared war on Germany

9. Section 3: Axis Gains Objectives: • Explain how German control of Norway, Denmark, and the Low Countries benefited Hitler. • Describe the success of German forces in France. • Identify the Battle of Britain and the reasons the Germans could not win it. • Describe the role of the United States at the beginning of the war and how that role changed.

10. Section 3: Axis Gains The “Phony War” • Scandinavia and the Low Countries – Germany could outflank France’s Maginot Line • Evacuation of Dunkerque – Allied troops escaped with help from British air force

11. Section 3: Axis Gains The Fall of France • The French Resistance – German forces occupied France, collaborated with Vichy government

12. Section 3: Axis Gains The Battle of Britain • Air attacks on military sites, railroads, civilian and industrial targets • Royal Air Force flew night and day, used radar to identify enemy aircraft and ships

13. Section 3: Axis Gains United States Involvement • Neutrality Acts – United States wished to stay neutral • Lend-Lease Act – allowed United States to supply war materials to Great Britain on credit

14. Section 3: Axis Gains The Atlantic Charter • United States fought against German submarines • United States protected ships in western Atlantic

15. Section 4: The Soviet Union and the United States Objectives: • Identify the steps the Axis Powers took to gain control of eastern Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa. • Describe how Germany planned to gain control of the Soviet Union and evaluate the Soviets’ defense. • Explain how Japan’s goals in the Pacific led to war with Britain and the United States.

16. Section 4: The Soviet Union and the United States Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean • Mussolini invaded Egypt and Greece, but was driven out by British • Germany took Yugoslavia, Greece, Crete • Rommel controlled Libya

17. Section 4: The Soviet Union and the United States Germany’s Attack on the Soviet Union • Germany invaded Soviet Union, marched into Stalingrad • The Soviet defense – scorched-earth methods and guerrilla attacks

18. Section 4: The Soviet Union and the United States Japanese Aggressions in the Pacific • Japan pushed farther into China, cut off Britishsea route • Japan formed alliance with Germany and Italy • United States placed embargo on oil and scrap iron

19. Section 4: The Soviet Union and the United States American Entry into the War • Japan’s expansion in Southeast Asia and the Pacific threatened United States and British interests

20. Section 5: The Holocaust Objectives: • Explain how the Final Solution was developed. • Describe conditions in the concentration camps. • Identify ways different people resisted the Holocaust.

21. Section 5: The Holocaust Hitler’s “New Order” • New Order – pure “Aryan Race” • Final Solution – destruction of Jewish population

22. Section 5: The Holocaust Concentration Camps • Unspeakable conditions: forced labor, brutality, starvation, filth, disease

23. Section 5: The Holocaust Resisting the Holocaust • Jews went into hiding, fought back • Some escaped with help of non-Jews

24. Section 6: The End of the War Objectives: • Identify the outcomes of Allied military actions in the Soviet Union, North Africa, Italy, and the Atlantic. • Describe how the Allies were able to achieve victory in Europe. • List the steps the Allies took to end the war with Japan.

25. Section 6: The End of the War Important Offensives • Battle of Stalingrad – Soviet Union saved Stalingrad • Mediterranean safer for Allies • United States and British took Sicily

26. Section 6: The End of the War The War at Sea and in the Air • Battle of Midway – turning point • Victories at Coral Sea, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, Marshall Islands, New Guinea, Marianas

27. Section 6: The End of the War Victory in Europe • D-Day – invasion of Allied troops into France • Battle of the Bulge – Allies turned back German drive • V-E Day – Victory in Europe

28. Section 6: The End of the War Victory Over Japan • Yalta and Potsdam – Allied leaders agreed to divide Germany • Japanese surrender – atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki; V-J Day • Costs of the war – millions killed or wounded, human rights violations, use of nuclear weapons