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Water Pollution

This presentation was completed in the Comenius project : THE IMPORTANCE AND TH E PLACE OF UNDERGROUND WATER IN HUMAN LIFE . Prezentacja zrealizowana w ramach projektu Comenius: MIEJSCE I ZNACZENIE WÓD PODZEIMNYCH W ŻYCIU LUDZKIM. Water Pollution. By Dominika Karczmarczyk

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Water Pollution

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  1. Thispresentation was completedinthe Comenius project: THE IMPORTANCE AND THE PLACE OF UNDERGROUND WATER IN HUMAN LIFE. Prezentacja zrealizowana w ramach projektu Comenius: MIEJSCE I ZNACZENIE WÓD PODZEIMNYCH W ŻYCIU LUDZKIM. WaterPollution By Dominika Karczmarczyk Zespół Szkół nr 43 w Warszawie

  2. Water is life Water or H2O is a chemical substancewhichcontains one oxygen and twohydrogenatomsconnected by covalentbonds. But for humans and otherlifeforms water means much more. Cleandrinking water isessential to everybeing on Earth. Water covers 70,9% of Earth’ssurface. But freshwatermakesuponly 3% of it, the restiscontained in oceans. Approximately 70% of freshwaterisconsumed by agriculture.

  3. Whatis water pollution? It’sanychemical, physicalorbiologicalchange in the quality of water thathas a harmfuleffect on anylivingthingthatdrinksorusesorlives in it. Whenhumansoranimals drink polluted water itoftenhasseriouseffects on theirhealth. Water pollution canalsomake water unsuited for desireduse.

  4. The causesof water pollution Water pollution isusuallycaused by humanactivities. Differentsourcesadd to the pollution of water.

  5. The causes of water pollution are: • sewage and waste water, • marine dumping, • radioactive waste, • industrial waste, • oil pollution,

  6. underground storage leakages, • atmospheric decomposition, • global warming (thermal pollution), • eutrophication, • chemicals (chemical pollution).

  7. Types of water pollution

  8. ToxicSubstance A toxicsubstanceis a chemical pullutantthatis not a naturallyoccuringsubstance in aquaticecosystems. The greatestcontributors to toxic pollution areherbicidespesticides and industrialcompounds.

  9. OrganicSubstance Organic pollution occurswhenanexcess of organicmatter, such as manureorsewageenters the water. Thiscancauseabnormal plant growth. Organic pollution cancauseeutrophication.

  10. Ecological Pollution Ecological pollution takes place whenchemical pollution, organic pollution orthermal pollution arecaused by nature, not by humanactivity.

  11. Eutrophication When the excess plant life caused by organicpollutiondies, itbecomesorganicmaterial in the water. The enormousdecay of this plant matter, in turn, lowers the oxygenlevel. The process of rapid plant growth followed by increasedactivity of decomposers and a depletion of the oxygenleveliscalledeutrophication.

  12. Thermal Pollution Thermalpolutioncanhave a disasterouseffect on life in anaquaticecosystem. As temperatureincreases, theamount of oxygen in thewaterdecreaces, therebyreducing the number of animalsthatcansurvivethere.

  13. AcidRain Typicalrainwaterhas a pHabout 5 to 6 (naturallyneutral). The industrynowemitsgreatamounts of acidifyinggasses, such as sulphuricoxides and carbonmonoxide. Thesegassescandissolve in rainwater. Because of that the pH of rainwillfall to a value of below 4. The lower the pH, the moreacid the substanceis. That’swhythiskind of rainiscalledacidrain.

  14. Sources of water pollution

  15. Farming Farmsoftenuselargeamounts of herbicides and pesticides, both of whicharetoxicpollutants. Farmsalsofrequentlyuselargeamounts of chemicalfertilizersthatarewashedinto the waterways and damage the water supply and life withinit.

  16. Business Clearing of land canlead to eriosion of soilintorivers and lakes. Waste and sewagegenerated by industry cangetintothewatersupply, introducinglargeammounts of organicpollutantsinto the ecosystem. Many industrial and powerplantsuserivers, streams and lakes to despose of waste heat. The resulting hot water cancausethermal pollution.

  17. Homes Sewagegenerated by housesflowsintonearbywaterways, introducingorganicpollutantsthatcancauseeutrophication. Fertilizers, herbicides and pesticidesused for lawncarecanrunoff and contaminatethewaterways. It cancauseeutrophication of lakes and rivers. Leaks of oil and antifreeze from a car on a driveawaycan be washed off by the rainintonearbywaterways. Everyyear, between 1 and 10 bilionstons of oilarespilt, killingmanyspecies and destroyingecosystems in the affectedarea.

  18. Effects of water pollution

  19. Ourhealth Virtuallyalltypes of water pollution areharmful to the health of humans and animals. Water pollution may not damageourhealthimmediately but can be harmfulafterlong term exposure.

  20. Water pollution is a major problem in the globalcontext. It hasbeensuggestedthatistheleading worldwide cause of death and disease. • In wholeworldmorethan 14,000 peoplediedailydue to water pollution. • 700,000,000 Indianshave no access to a propertoilet. • 1,000 Indian childrendie of diarrhealsicknesseveryday. • About 90% of China’scitiessuffer from somedegree of water pollution. • 500,000,000 peoplelackaccess to safedrinkingwater.

  21. How isit in USA? For examplein 2002 45% of assessedstreammiles, 47% of assessedlakeacress and 32% of assessedbay and estuarinesquaremilesinthe USA wereclassified as polluted. (from http://en.wikipedia.org)

  22. How isit in Poland? The assessment of waterquality in Polishlakes in 2002: 5,8% - firstcategory 39,2% - secondcategory 40,8% - third category 14,2% - unsuited to use (from http://pl.wikipedia.org)

  23. Howcan we protectour water? • One wayiswastewatertreatmentduringwhichsewagecontaminantsareremoved in order to minimizedetrimentalimpacts on surface water or land. Physical, biological and chemicalprocessesareused for wastewatertreatment. • To saveour water we should be carefulaboutwhat we throw down oursinkortoilet. • We alsocan’tthrowlitterintorivers, lakesoroceansinstead of dustbins. • We shouldtakegreatcare not to overusepesticides and fertilisers. • Pollution of water canalso be prevented by therationaluse of water.

  24. The end

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