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AP Biology

Learn about the most common elements found in all life forms, the energy levels of atoms, covalent and ionic bonds, and the role of hydrogen bonds in molecules like water and ammonia. Understand the importance of negative charge, valence electrons, and Van der Waals interactions in biochemistry. This AP Biology guide will provide a comprehensive overview.

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AP Biology

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  1. AP Biology Biochemistry: Chemistry Basics

  2. Most Common Elements in all life forms

  3. Cloud of negative charge (2 electrons) Electrons Nucleus LE 2-4

  4. Molecule: Same element

  5. Molecule: Different elements

  6. Third energy level (shell) Energy absorbed Energy and Atoms Second energy level (shell) First energy level (shell) Energy lost Atomic nucleus

  7. Valence Electrons

  8. Covalent Bonds

  9. – POLAR MOLECULE O H H + + H2O

  10. Ionic Bonds

  11. SALT Na+ Cl–

  12. – + Water (H2O) HYDROGEN BONDS + Hydrogen bond – Ammonia (NH3) + + +

  13. Van der Waals Interactions e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- NUCLEUS

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