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Map Craft

Map Craft. What is a map?. A map is a bird’s eye view of a piece of ground drawn to scale. North Point. How many North points are there? 3 What are they? True Direction of the North pole Grid Northerly direction of a North-South grid line Magnetic

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Map Craft

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  1. Map Craft

  2. What is a map? • A map is a bird’s eye view of a piece of ground drawn to scale

  3. North Point • How many North points are there? • 3 • What are they? • True • Direction of the North pole • Grid • Northerly direction of a North-South grid line • Magnetic • The direction that the north end of a compass needle points

  4. NORTH POLE TRUE NORTH

  5. KILOMETRES 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 KILOMETRES 0 20 MILES 5 5 10 15 25 MILES Scale • Scale can be expressed in 4 ways: • As a ratio • 1:50000 • By a scale line • In words • 2cm to 1km • As a fraction • 1/50000

  6. Example • 1cm = 50000cm on the ground = ½ km therefore 2cm/1 grid square = 1km • 1cm = 25000cm on the ground = ¼ km therefore 4cm/1 grid square = 1km

  7. Question • If we measure a distance on a 1:50,000 map of 4 cm what will be the equivalent distance on the ground ? • Answer = 2km

  8. SERIES M726 SHEET 175 EDITION 8 - GSGS Identification Panel • Find the identification panel on your map

  9. 1000 KILOMETRES 900 800 700 N O R T H I N G S 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 KILOMETRES EASTINGS United Kingdom Grid

  10. 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 71 71 N O R T H I N G S 70 70 69 69 68 68 67 67 66 66 165000m 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 444000m EASTINGS 4-Figure Grid References 4767

  11. 2 1 3

  12. 62 9 A50 8 7 6 5 4 Stickcross 3 P 2 1 61 33 34 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 6-Figure Grid References

  13. Questions • Brading Station in 6086 • Marsh Ho in 6088 • 644883 • 634895 • Lighthouse in 6489 • 627893

  14. Answers • Brading Station in 6086 • 609868 • Marsh Ho in 6088 • 609881 • 644883 • Church • 634895 • Caravan park • Lighthouse in 6489 • 648899 • 627893 • PH (Public House)

  15. 1 5 6 2 3 4 Conventional Signs

  16. ROADS AND PATHS M4 Bridge A470 A34 Service area Junction number Primary Route Motorway Major road Dual carriageway unfenced Path B5012 Secondary road PUBLIC RIGHTS OF WAY Bridleway Footpath Road used as a public path Line Symbols

  17. Electricity transmission line Pipe line (with pylons spaced conventionally) (arrow indicates direction of flow) RAILWAYS Station Track multiple or single, Embankment a) principal Cutting, Tunnel b) closed to passengers Viaduct, Level crossing

  18. with tower Places with spire, minaret or dome of Worship without such additions Buildings Radio or TV mast Public buildings (selected) Windmill with or Wind pump without sails Buildings

  19. Orchard Wood Contours are at 10 metres outcrop vertical interval Heights are to the nearest scree cliff 144 metre above mean sea level Spoil heap, refuse Quarry tip or dump Trees and landscapes

  20. Marsh or salting Cliff Slopes Towpath Lock Light house (in use) Ford Canal Aqueduct Light house (disused) Sand Dunes Lake Water Features

  21. ANTIQUITIES Battlefield Tumulus (with date) TOURIST INFORMATION Camp site Parking Picnic site Public Telephone View point Youth Hostel BOUNDARIES National Park National Trust District or Forest Park

  22. CH P Post Office Club House PH MS Public House Mile Stone Public Convenience PC (in rural areas) Danger Area Open Air Museum Abbreviations and words

  23. 1 5 3 2 4

  24. Measuring Distance There are 3 ways of measuring distance: • Estimation • The grid lines on a map are a set distance apart, so it is possible to estimate the distance by counting the squares between two points • Straight Line • This is to measure a distance between two points as the crow flies • Method: Mark off the two points along the straight edge of a strip of paper and measure the distance between the two points against the scale line

  25. Indirect Distance • This is used to measure a distance along a line feature such as a road, track, river, pylon line, etc. • Method: Lay a straight edge of a strip of paper along the first section, then mark the start point and the end of the first section • Using your pencil point as a pivot, line up the edge with the end of the second section and mark it • Repeat this process until the finish point is reached • Measure the distance between the two points along the scale line • N.B. Try to follow the centre of the road/track as much as possible

  26. Contours • Contour lines • A line joining all points of equal height above sea level • Contour interval • The vertical distance between contour lines • Contour values • Indicate the height of the line and ALWAYS read up the slope, which helps to distinguish the higher and lower ground • Contour spacing • This indicates the severity of the slope • i.e. the closer the lines are together the steeper the slope

  27. Types of slope • There are three main types of slope • Even • Concave • Convex • Contour patterns • Contour lines can also help in the identification of ground features by their different patterns • Hill • Ridge and saddle • Valley • Spur • Re-entrant

  28. Question • Describe the ground between Warlingham 3658 and Biggin Hill 4158 • Up a gentle slope, down a steeper slope, up through a deciduous forest, back down into a settlement

  29. Cross sections • Have a go at drawing a cross-section

  30. The Lightweight Compass

  31. Bearings • An angle measured in a clockwise direction, from a fixed zero line, that line ALWAYS being NORTH unless otherwise stated • What is the bearing for A and B • A = 45o / 800mils • B = 315o / 5600mils • Which way is North? • Put the index line to North, turn the whole compass so the compass arrow (red end) is in line with the orientation arrow

  32. Measuring Magnetic Bearings

  33. GRID NORTH OP Measuring Grid Bearings

  34. Grid North Magnetic North MAP GROUND Converting Bearings • GMA • Grid Magnetic Angle • Information about the GMA can be found at the top centre of the map

  35. Grid North Magnetic North GMA

  36. MAG TO GRID GET RID GRID TO MAG ADD

  37. Map Orientation • This is not always necessary but it helps to keep you orientated to the ground you are crossing • Identify objects around you on the map, turn the map until the objects are aligned

  38. Intersection • This is used to find and then plot the position of an object by using bearings taken from at least two different locations • Method • Take magnetic bearings to the object from at least two positions that can be identified on the map 1.e. from two hills to a tank • Convert magnetic to grid bearings • Plot the bearings from their respective bearings • You can now give a 6-figure grid reference of where the lines intersect • THIS IS THE OBJECT’S LOCATION

  39. Resection

  40. This is used to find your position by using identified features around you • Method: • Take at least three magnetic bearings to features around you that can be identified on a map • Convert the magnetic bearings to grid bearings • Change the grid bearings to back bearings • Now plot these new bearings from their respective positions • It is now possible to give a 6-figure grid reference of where the lines cross • THIS IS YOUR LOCATION

  41. Task • Where are you? • You have measured the following magnetic bearings from your position • Church in 4344 = 870 • Church in 3645 = 3070 • Church in 3642 = 2480 • Answer = Lingfield Train Station

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