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Immune System Overview Flow Chart

Immune System Overview Flow Chart. CA Biology Standards Physiology 10a & 10d. Physiology Standard 10b. Students know the role of antibodies in the body’s response to infection. Non-Specific Immunity. Defenses that are NOT designed to fight a specific disease, but ALL diseases!!

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Immune System Overview Flow Chart

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  1. Immune System Overview Flow Chart CA Biology Standards Physiology 10a & 10d

  2. Physiology Standard 10b Students know the role of antibodies in the body’s response to infection.

  3. Non-Specific Immunity Defenses that are NOT designed to fight a specific disease, but ALL diseases!! • Chemical & Physical Barriers Include: • Skin– Most important first line of defense. Physical barrier that keeps pathogens out! • Mucus – Contains enzyme (lysosyme) that break down cell walls of many bacteria • Sweat & Tears – Contains lysosyme and promote acidic environment that bacteria cannot survive

  4. What if the 1st line of defense doesn’t do the job? 4. Inflammatory Response: A non-specific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection. • White Blood Cells (Phagocytes) – Detect, engulf and destroy pathogens • Fever- Elevated body temperature kills or slows down growth of pathogens 5. Interferons- Proteins produced by virus-infected cells. Help other cells resist viral infections.

  5. Specific Immunity • Triggered by specific Antigens to produce Antibodies • Antigen – A foreign substance that triggers an immune response. • Two Types of Responses: • Humoral Response • “Humoral” = In blood or lymph • Cell-Mediated Response

  6. Humoral Response • In the Blood & Lymph • Lymphocytes produce antibodies • Antibodies are Y-Shaped Proteins that help to destroy pathogens • Pathogens are foreign threats to the body (virus, bacteria, etc) • Antibodies bind to antigens on the pathogens • Cause pathogens to clump up Antigen-binding sites Antigen Antibody

  7. Humoral Response • White blood cells engulf and destroy pathogens (clumps of antibodies & antigens) • B cells can be activated by T cells to turn into plasma cells. • Plasma cells produce and release large numbers of antibodies into the bloodstream. • Some B cells become Memory Cells and can quickly respond if reinfected by same antigen (you can’t get the same cold twice)

  8. Humoral Response

  9. Cell-Mediated Response • Killer T cells kill infected cells to inhibit the reproduction and spread of viruses Killer T cells are also called Cytotoxic T cells • Causes body to reject transplanted organs

  10. Cell-Mediated Response Figure 40-10 Helper T cell activates killer T cells and B cells Macrophage T cell binds to activated macrophage Killer T Cell Helper T Cell T Cell T cell, activated by macrophage, becomes a helper T cell Antigens are displayed on surface of macrophage Infected Cell Killer T cells bind to infected cells, disrupting their cell membranes and destroying them

  11. Vocabulary • Pathogens • Viruses • Bacteria • Antiseptics • Antibiotics

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