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The Organelles: Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

The Organelles: Mitochondria and Chloroplasts. Text and image sources are included using the notes function of the .ppt file. Endosymbiotic origins. Unique unions reshaped the tree of life. Architectural Clues. Cyanobacterium. Chloroplast. Mayorella viridis. A taste for the good life?.

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The Organelles: Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

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  1. The Organelles:Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Text and image sources are included using the notes function of the .ppt file

  2. Endosymbiotic origins Unique unions reshaped the tree of life

  3. Architectural Clues Cyanobacterium Chloroplast

  4. Mayorella viridis A taste for the good life? The promiscous green alga, Chlorella Prorodon viridis Paramecium bursaria

  5. Cyanophora paradoxa Trying commitment . . .

  6. Reduced genomes remain Chloroplast genomes 200-120Kb encode about 80 proteins Mitochondrial genomes 16-17Kb encode about 20 proteins Chloroplast genomic reduction is still occurring in higher plants

  7. Relationships aren’t easy!

  8. Protein Import

  9. MitochondrialFeatures Mitochondria are typically 0.5-5um in diameter

  10. A new slant on EM imaging

  11. Biochemistry

  12. Molecular Architecture

  13. Mitochondrial dynamics and biochemical diversity JC-1 stain Time-lapse 5 sec/frame; several minutes total Video

  14. Going with the flow Video Example from a hypha of the fungus Phycomyces

  15. Mitochondria revealed!

  16. Video Video In a Xenopus tissue culture cell Rapid fission and fusion In yeast

  17. Dynamin in mitochondrial division Yeast (wt) Dynamin inhibition (B,D) results in the formation of reticulate networks COS cells Yeast COS cells Dynamin-related protein::GFP

  18. Organelles and their genomes are inherited maternally And so are mutations encoded in the mitochondrial genome

  19. Apoptosis Video Cytochrome C::GFP is lost from mitochondria to the cytosol

  20. Plant cell Chloroplasts are typically 1-10um in diameter

  21. Double envelope Thylakoids and stacked grana Stroma Mitochondria Nucleus Chloroplast ultrastructure Starch grain

  22. Freeze fracture of granal face Photosystem II particles stack grana Grana Freeze etch of granal section

  23. Stromal tubule activity Video

  24. FtsZ in chloroplast division wt ftz

  25. Video Actin microfilament / myosin driven cytoplasmic streaming circulates plastids in many plant cells Chloroplast movement Local chloroplast orientation to light in the green alga Mougeotia depends upon microfilaments and calcium Video

  26. Other types of plastids

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